Terapi Menggambar Pada Pasien skizofrenia Sebagai Strategi Untuk Mengontrol Halusinasi Pendengaran: Studi Kasus - Maymona Rizqi Hardani; Arum Pratiwi (Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Mandira Cendikia, 2024)
Abstrak Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia adalah salah satu gangguan jiwa berat yang berdampak signifikan pada pikiran, perilaku, dan emosi. Halusinasi merupakan gejala positif yang sering muncul yaitu terganggunya persepsi sensori pada pasien. Salah satu tipe halusinasi adalah halusinasi pendengaran yang menjadi tipe halusinasi yang paling banyak. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan intervensi terapi menggambar pada pasien halusinasi. Gambaran kasus: Seorang laki-laki berusia 53 tahun sudah menikah dibawa ke RSJ oleh keluarganya dengan alasan pasien sering berbicara sendiri, mondar mandir. Pasien mengatakan mendengar suara yang mengajaknya berbicara terus-menerus. Hal itu membuatnya kesal dan mengamuk. Saat ini pasien mengatakan lebih senang sendirian dan kurang berminat untuk berbicara dengan orang lain. Metode: Pengelolaan kasus melalui pendekatan proses keperawatan dengan diberikan intervensi berdasarkan Evidence based Practice (EBP) yaitu terapi menggambar. Intervensi diberikan sehari sekali selama empat hari berturut-turut. Jenis menggambar yang diaplikasikan bertahap dari pengenalan halusinasi yang dialami, perasaan atau emosi yang dirasakan, dan harapan atau cita-cita yang ingin dicapai. Hasil: Tanda dan gejala halusinasi menurun dibuktikan dengan pasien sudah tidak berjalan mondar mandir, tidak berbicara terus-menerus, dan dapat membedakan yang nyata dan tidak nyata. Pada mulanya halusinasi muncul setiap saat saat pasien sendirian, setelah diberikan intervensi halusinasi muncul sehari 3 kali saja saat pasien bangun tidur. Respon marah membaik setelah diberikan intervensi menjadi tidak mudah tersinggung dan tidak marah tanpa sebab lagi. Sebelum intervensi menunjukkan sikap pasien mudah tersinggung, bersikap curiga, sering mengamuk dan marah tanpa sebab. Interaksi sosial pasien terjalin membaik setelah diberikan intervensi pasien mau berbaur dengan teman sekamarnya, memiliki kontak mata saat diajak bicara dan pandangan menghadap ke lawan bicara. Awalnya sebelum diberikan intervensi pasien menarik diri dari lingkungan sekitar memiliki tatapan mata yang kosong, sering melamun, dan pandangan selalu menghadap ke bawah.Pada saat terapi menggambar sesi satu sampai sesi tiga pasien dapat menggambarkan halusinasinya, perasaannya dan harapannya di masa depan. Kesimpulan: Terapi menggambar efektif untuk penurunan tanda gejala hausinasi dan mengontrol halusinasi. Kata Kunci: Halusinasi Pendengaran, Skizofrenia, Terapi Menggambar Abstrack Background: Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that has a significant impact on thoughts, behavior and emotions. Hallucinations are positive symptoms that often appear, namely disruption of sensory perception in patients. One type of hallucination is auditory hallucination which is the most common type of hallucination. This case report aims to prove drawing therapy intervention in patients with hallucinations. Case description: A 53 years old married man was brought to RSJ by his family on the grounds that the patient often talked to himself, pacing back and forth. The patient said he heard a voice that kept him talking. This made him annoyed and angry. Currently the patient says he prefers to be alone and is less interested in talking to other people. Method: Case management through a nursing process approach with intervention based on Evidence Based Practice (EBP), namely drawing therapy. Intervention was given once a day for four consecutive days. This type of drawing is applied in stages from the recognition of the hallucinations experienced, the feelings or emotions felt, and the hopes or ideals to be achieved. Results: Signs and symptoms of hallucinations decreased as evidenced by the patient no longer pacing back and forth, not talking continuously, and being able to distinguish between what is real and what is not real. At first the hallucinations appeared all the time when the patient was alone, after being given intervention the hallucinations appeared only 3 times a day when the patient woke up. The angry response improved after being given the intervention, becoming less irritable and no longer angry for no reason. Before the intervention, the patient showed that he was irritable, suspicious, often had tantrums and was angry for no reason. The patient's social interactions improved after being given the intervention. The patient wanted to mingle with his roommates, had eye contact when spoken to and looked at the person he was talking to. Initially, before the intervention was given, the patient withdrew from the surrounding environment, had a blank gaze, often daydreamed, and his gaze was always facing downwards. During drawing therapy sessions one to three, the patient was able to describe his hallucinations, feelings and hopes for the future. Conclusion: Drawing therapy is effective for reducing signs of thirst and controlling hallucinations. Keywords: Auditory Hallucinations, Schizophrenia, Drawing Therapy