Formulasi Sabun Cair Antibakteri dengan Bahan Aktif Ekstrak Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) - Muhammad Alfian; Lita Siswanti; Fitri Andriani Fatimah (Jurnal Riset Farmasi, 2024)
Abstrak. Mikroorganisme patogen, seperti Staphylococcus aureus, dapat menyebabkan penyakit kulit. Biji kakao mengandung metabolit sekunder, seperti flavonoid, tanin, dan alkaloid, dengan aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak biji kakao, serta menguji sifat fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri sabun cair ekstrak biji kakao terhadap S. aureus. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi, diikuti skrining fitokimia, dan formulasi sabun cair F0 (ekstrak 0%), F1 (20%), F2 (40%), dan F3 (60%). Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran dengan diameter zona hambat diukur pada semua formula dan kontrol positif (sabun cair Dettol). Hasil fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin. Uji organoleptik, tinggi busa, dan homogenitas semua formula memenuhi syarat, namun viskositas hanya F0 dan F1 yang memenuhi. Uji pH semua formula tidak memenuhi standar. Uji antibakteri menunjukkan daya hambat kuat pada F0 (12,698 mm), F1 (13,251 mm), F2 (10,12 mm), dan F3 (14,383 mm), sedangkan kontrol positif memiliki daya hambat kategori sedang (6,195 mm). Abstract. Skin diseases are conditions affecting the body's surface, often caused by microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus. Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, which exhibit antibacterial properties. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds in cocoa bean extract, develop a liquid soap formulation, assess its physical properties, and evaluate its antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The cocoa bean extract was obtained through the maceration method and underwent phytochemical screening. Four liquid soap formulations were created: F0 (0% extract), F1 (20% extract), F2 (40% extract), and F3 (60% extract). Antibacterial activity was tested using the well diffusion method by measuring the inhibition zone diameters of the formulations and the positive control (liquid Dettol soap). Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Organoleptic tests, including foam height and homogeneity, met the standards for all formulations, while viscosity standards were met only by F0 and F1. However, none of the formulations met pH standards. Antibacterial tests showed strong inhibition in all formulations: F0 (12.698 mm), F1 (13.251 mm), F2 (10.12 mm), and F3 (14.383 mm). The positive control showed medium inhibition (6.195 mm).