KONTRIBUSI ASUPAN ZAT BESI DAN VITAMIN C TERHADAP STATUS ANEMIA GIZI BESI PADA BALITA INDONESIA - Ade Nugraheni Herawati; Nurheni Sri Palupi; Nuri Andarwulan; Efriwati Efriwati (Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research), 2018)
ABSTRACT The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Indonesian under-five children is still high. Unhealty eating habit of under-five children will result in reducing nutrition intake, e.g. iron and vitamin C. This study was aimed to analyze the contribution of micronutrient intake (iron and vitamin C) to IDA status of under-five children. A total of 185 under-five children in range of 12-59 months old who had the data of consumption (SKMI 2014) and blood biochemical (Riskesdas 2013) was used in this study. Result showed that there were no significant differences in the level of adequacy of iron and vitamin C intake between all age groups (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation significantly between the level of adequacy of iron intake in the normal category (≥77% RDA) with haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05; r ˂ 0.5). There was a correlation between the level of adequacy of iron and vitamin C intake in the deficiency category (˂77% RDA) with ferritin and transferrin concentrations (P < 0.05; r ˂ 0.5). In conclusion the age of the young group (12-35 months) with the level of adequacy of iron intake ˂77% RDA is at risk of developing AGB. Keywords: iron deficiency anemia, under-five children, iron intake, vitamin C intake ABSTRAK Prevalensi anemia gizi besi (AGB) pada balita Indonesia masih tinggi. Kebiasaan makan balita yang kurang beragam menjadi salah satu faktor rendahnya asupan zat gizi, khususnya zat gizi mikro seperti zat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kontribusi asupan zat besi dan vitamin C terhadap status AGB pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan data 185 anak balita dengan kisaran umur 12-59 bulan yang memiliki data asupan makanan (SKMI 2014) dan biokimia darah (Riskesdas 2013). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi dan vitamin C pada tiap kelompok umur (P > 0,05). Terdapat korelasi positif antara tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi pada kategori normal (≥77% AKG) dengan konsentrasi hemoglobin (P < 0,05; r ˂ 0,5). Terdapat korelasi antara tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi dan vitamin C pada kategori defisiensi (˂77% AKG) dengan konsentrasi feritin dan transferin (P< 0,05; r ˂ 0,5). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa umur kelompok muda (12-35 bulan) dengan tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi ˂77% AKG beresiko mengalami AGB. [Penel Gizi Makan 2018, 41(2):65-76] Kata kunci: anemia gizi besi, anak balita, asupan zat besi, asupan vitamin C