Analisis Pemasaran Usaha Garam Rakyat Teknologi Tradisional, Geomembran, dan Tunnel (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Pangenan, Kabupaten Cirebon): Marketing Analysis of Traditional, Geomembrane, and Tunnel Technology in Small-Scale Salt Production (Case Study: Pangenan District, Cirebon Regency) - Maulida Afiyah Heriyadi; Bahtiar, Rizal; Dewi Raswatie, Fitria; Dewi Raswatie, Maulida Afiyah Heriyadi (Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Resource and Environmental Economics, 2025)
Kebutuhan garam nasional Indonesia mengalami peningkatan seiring pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk, sementara produksi garam dalam negeri belum mampu memenuhinya sehingga dilakukan impor garam. Kecamatan Pangenan, Kabupaten Cirebon merupakan salah satu sentra produksi garam rakyat yang menerapkan tiga teknologi produksi garam, yaitu teknologi tradisional, geomembrane, dan tunnel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kualitas garam yang dihasilkan berdasarkan teknologi yang digunakan serta menganalisis efisiensi saluran pemasarannya. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis deskriptif dan kuantitatif melalui perhitungan margin pemasaran, farmer’s share, dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa garam yang dihasilkan dari teknologi tradisional tergolong dalam kualitas III berdasarkan warnanya, geomembrane kualitas II, dan tunnel kualitas I. Saluran pemasaran 1 merupakan saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien untuk garam hasil produksi teknologi tradisional dan geomembrane yang ditunjukkan oleh marjin pemasaran yang rendah serta nilai farmer’s share dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya yang tinggi. Adapun garam hasil teknologi tunnel hanya dipasarkan melalui saluran pemasaran 2 karena keterbatasan jumlah petambak yang menggunakan teknologi tersebut. Indonesia’s national demand for salt continues to rise in line with population growth. In contrast, domestic salt production has not been able to meet this demand, resulting in the need for imports. Pangenan Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency, is one of the centers of community-based salt production that applies three types of production technologies: traditional, geomembrane, and tunnel. This study aims to compare the quality of salt produced based on the technology used and to analyze the efficiency of the marketing channels. The analytical methods employed include descriptive and quantitative analyses, as well as the calculation of marketing margins, farmers’ share, and benefit-cost ratio. The results show that salt produced using traditional technology is classified as grade III based on its color, geomembrane as grade II, and tunnel as grade I. Marketing channel one is identified as the most efficient for salt produced using traditional and geomembrane technologies, as indicated by its low marketing margin and high farmers’ share and benefit-cost ratio. Meanwhile, salt produced using tunnel technology is only marketed through channel two due to the limited number of salt farmers using this technology.