Evaluation of the Biophysical and Chemical Conditions of the Aquatic Environment During the Rainy Season to Mitigate the Ecological Disaster of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) and Harmful Algal Bloom (HABs) in the Gili Matra Marine Tourism Park-Lombok: Evaluasi Kondisi Biofisikakimia Lingkungan Perairan Pada Musim Hujan Untuk Mitigasi Bencana Ekologi Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) dan Marak Alga Berbahaya (MAB) di Taman Wisata Perairan Gili Matra-Lombok - Sachoemar, Suhendar Indrakusmaya; Rachman, Arief; Aliah, Ratu Siti; Megawati, Novi; Romadhona, Ekky Ilham; Meirinawati, Hanny; Prayogo, Teguh; Dewa, Riardi Pratista; Zamroni, Yuliadi; Ahyadi, Hilman; Fitriya, Nurul; Hamzah, Faisal; Garno, Yudhi Soetrisno; Susanto, Joko Prayitno; Riyadi, Agung; Haryanti; Ihsan, Iif Miftahul; Setiarti Sukotjo; Iskandar; Leonita, Shinta; Diswandi; Rahman; Muhami; Makosim, Syahril (Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 2025)
Abstrak Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) dan fenomena Marak Alga Berbahaya (MAB) yang disebabkan oleh dinoflagellata bentik beracun merupakan salah satu bencana ekologi atau lingkungan yang dapat mengancam kesehatan manusia di kawasan pesisir Indonesia, seperti di kawasan Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Gili Matra yang terdiri dari 3 pulau yaitu Gili Meno, Air, dan Trawangan. TWP Gili Matra merupakan pusat wisata bahari dan kawasan konservasi laut di kawasan Nusa Tenggara Barat yang diketahui mengalami tekanan akibat aktivitas manusia dari kegiatan pariwisata dan perikanan yang berdampak negatif kepada ekosistem pesisir, terutama terumbu karang. Kondisi tersebut dapat meningkatkan kelimpahan komunitas dinoflagellata bentik beracun yang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya CFP dan MAB di TWP Gili Matra. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya mitigasinya agar risiko bencana ekologi CFP dan MAB dikemudian hari yang selain dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan ekosistem perairan TWP Gili Matra, tetapi juga kerugian ekonomi yang cukup besar, tidak terjadi. Menurut perhitungan ekonomi para ahli, nilai ekonomi kegiatan pariwisata di TWP Gili Matra, mencapai 26,86 triliun rupiah per tahun.  Salah satu upaya mitigasi bencana ekologi CFP dan MAB adalah dengan mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan di TWP Gili Matra pada musim hujan. Berdasarkan hasil survei diketahui kondisi biofisikakimia lingkungan perairan pada musim hujan bulan Desember 2022 dan Maret 2024 dalam keadaan yang sangat baik dengan tingkat eutrofikasi sebagai indikator kualitas lingkungan perairan pada tingkat ultraoligotrofik dengan nilai skor TSI (Trophic State Index) 12,9-19,4 (<30) yang mengindikasikan bahwa kesuburan perairan sangat rendah, air jernih, konsentrasi oksigen terlarut tinggi sepanjang tahun dan mencapai zona hipolimnion.   Abstract Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) and the phenomenon of Harmful Algal Bloom (HABs) caused by toxic benthic dinoflagellates are one of the ecological or environmental disasters that can threaten human health in coastal areas of Indonesia, such as in the Gili Matra Aquatic Tourism Park (ATP) area which consists of three islands, namely Gili Meno, Air, and Trawangan. ATP Gili Matra is a center for marine tourism and conservation areas in the West Nusa Tenggara region which is known to be under pressure due to human activities from tourism and fisheries activities that have a negative impact on coastal ecosystems, especially coral reefs. This condition can increase the abundance of toxic benthic dinoflagellate communities that have the potential to cause CFP and HABs in ATP Gili Matra. For this reason, mitigation efforts are needed so the risk of CFP and HABs ecological disasters in the future which can not only cause damage to the ATP Gili Matra aquatic ecosystem, but also significant economic losses, does not occur. According to economic calculations by experts, the economic value of tourism activities in ATP Gili Matra reaches IDR 26.86 trillion per year. One of the efforts to mitigate the ecological disaster of CFP and HABs is to understand the condition of the aquatic environment in ATP Gili Matra during the rainy season. Based on the survey results, it is known that the biophysical and chemical conditions of the aquatic environment during the rainy season in December 2022 and March 2024 are in very good condition with the level of eutrophication as an indicator of the quality of the aquatic environment at the ultraoligotrophic level with a TSI (Trophic State Index) score of 12.9-19.4 (<30) which indicates that water fertility is very low, the water is clear, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is high throughout the year and reaches the hypolimnion zone.