Viscosity and energy density tests on suction pudding formulations as an intervention for hypoalbuminemia - Delima, Cyntia; Ningsih, Windi Indah Fajar; Rahmiwati, Anita; Syafutri, Merynda Indriyani; Harwanto, Fatria; Ramdika, Sari Bema (Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics), 2025)
ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipoalbuminemia adalah kondisi rendahnya kadar albumin di dalam tubuh (serum< 3,5 g/dL) karena tubuh tidak cukup memproduksi protein albumin atau ketika tubuh kehilangan banyak albumin dalam tinja dan urin. Hipoalbuminemia dapat diintervensi dengan makanan tinggi protein. Putih telur, susu skim dan ikan gabus dapat diolah menjadi makanan selingan berupa pudding sebagai intervensi gizi untuk penderita hipoalbuminemia. Viskositas dan densitas energi menjadi parameter penilaian mutu fisik dan kimia pada produk yang dihasilkan.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ikan gabus, susu skim dan putih telur terhadap viskositas dan densitas energi pada puding sedot.Metode: Penelitian eksperimen pembuatan puding sedot dengan empat formula. Perbandingan ikan gabus, putih telur dan susu skim yang berbeda, yaitu formulasi A (6.94%: 6.94%: 6.94%), formulasi B (10.41% : 0%: 10.41%), formulasi C (0%: 10.41%: 10.41%), dan formulasi D (10.41%: 10.41%:0%). Analisis viskositas enggunakan viskometer Brookfield NDJ-8S dan metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian analisis lemak adalah pendekatan gravimetri, metode Kjeldahl untuk penentuan protein, dan metode perbedaan untuk mengevaluasi kandungan karbohidrat. Nilai densitas energi puding sedot didapatkan dari hasil perbandingan antara kandungan energi dan berat pudding sedot. Nilai densitas energi puding sedot didapatkan dari hasil perbandingan antara kandungan energi dan berat pudding sedot. Data yang didapat dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dengan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil: Formulasi A, B, C dan D dibedakan berdasarkan perbandingan kandungan ikan gabus, putih telur dan susu skim. Formulasi A (ikan gabus 6.94%: putih telur 6.94%: susu skim 6.94%), formulasi B (ikan gabus 10.41% : putih telur 0%: susu skim 10.41%), formulasi C (ikan gabus 0%: putih telur 10.41%: susu skim 10.41%), dan formulasi D (ikan gabus 10.41%: putih telur 10.41%: susu skim 0%). Hasil uji viskositas formulasi A, B, C dan D dalam kategori viskositas tinggi. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata nilai viskositas antara formulasi A, B, C dan D (p-value=0.346). Hasil densitas energi formulasi A, B, dan C dalam kategori densitas energi rendah sedangkan formulasi D sangat rendah. Ada perbedaan nyata densitas energi antara formulasi A, B, C dan D (p-value=0.000). Kesimpulan: Perbedaan perbandingan putih telur, susu  skim dan ikan gabus tidak memengaruhi viskositas pudding sedot, namun memiliki pengaruh terhadap densitas energi. Semakin besar kandungan energi pada bahan utama maka akan semakin besar densitas energi puding sedot.  KATA KUNCI:  albumin; ikan gabus; pudding; putih telur; susu skim bubuk ABSTRACTBackground: Hypoalbuminemia is a condition of low albumin levels in the body (serum <3.5 g/dL) because the body does not produce enough of albumin protein or when the body loses a lot of albumin in faeces and urine. Hypoalbuminemia can be treated with high protein foods. Egg whites, skim milk and snakehead can be processed into a snack such as pudding as a nutritional intervention for hypoalbuminemia. Viscosity and energy density are parameters used to assess food’s physical and chemical quality.Objectives: to determine the effect of adding snakehead fish, skim milk, and egg whites on the viscosity and energy density of sucked pudding. Methods: This is experimental research using four formulas. The ratio of snakehead fish, egg whites, and skim milk is different. Formulation A (6.94%: 6.94%: 6.94%), formulation B (10.41%: 0%: 10.41%), formulation C (0%: 10.41%: 10.41%), and formulation D (10.41%: 10.41%:0%). The viscosity analysis used a Brookfield NDJ-8S viscometer and the methods used for fat analysis testing were the gravimetric approach, the Kjeldahl method for protein determination, and the difference method to evaluate carbohydrate content. The energy density value of sucked pudding was obtained from the comparison between energy content and weight of sucked pudding. The data obtained were analyzed bivariately using the one-way ANOVA followed by the DMRT for further testing.Results: Formulations A, B, C and D were differentiated based on the ratio of snakehead fish, egg whites and skim milk. Formulation A (snakehead fish 6.94% : egg white 6.94%: skim milk 6.94%), formulation B (snakehead fish 10.41%: egg white 0%: skim milk 10.41%), formulation C (snakehead fish 0%: egg white 10.41% : 10.41% skim milk), and formulation D (snakehead fish 10.41% : egg white 10.41% : skim milk 0%). The viscosity test results of formulations A, B, C and D are in the high viscosity category. There was no difference in viscosity values between formulations A, B, C, and D (p-value=0.346). The results of energy density of formulations A, B, and C are in the low energy density category while formulation D is very low. There is a significant difference in energy density between formulations A, B, C and D (p-value=0.000). Conclusions: Egg white, skim milk and snakehead fish do not affect the viscosity test but affect the energy density. The greater the energy content of the main ingredients, the greater the energy density of the suction pudding.KEYWORD: albumin; egg whites; pudding; skim milk; snakehead fish