PENELITIAN KENYAMANAN TERMIS DI JAKARTA SEBAGAI ACUAN SUHU NYAMAN MANUSIA INDONESIA - Tri Harso Karyono (DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment), 2001)
The current standard for thermal comfort in Indonesia is based on ASHRAE 55 -1992 (the American Standard). This standard recommends a neutral temperature of 24.0 oCTo with the range of comfort between 22 and 26 oCTo Results from a thermal comfort study done by the author in Jakarta - in which some of 596 office workers from seven multi-storey office buildings were participated in this study - showed that these values were fairly too low to the average requirement of the Indonesian workers who were (about 95% of the sample population) still comfortable within the range temperature of 24.9 to 28.0 oC in terms of air temperature (Ta) or 25.1 to 27.9 oC in terms of operative temperature (To). The lower the values of the standard would result to the higher energy consumption in the air-conditioned building. It discusses also the effect of the so called 'external factors', such as gender, age, fatness, ethnic backgrounds, etc., on the state of human thermal comfort. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Penelitian kenyamanan termis yang dilakukan penulis memperlihatkan sekitar 95% dari 596 karyawan/wati di beberapa bangunan tinggi di Jakarta merasa nyaman pada suhu udara (Ta) 26,4oC atau suhu operasi (To) 26.7oC. Sementara rentang nyaman antara 24.9 hingga 28.0 Ta dan 25.1 hingga 27.9 To. Dalam kondisi termis ini diperkirakan 90% responden merasa nyaman. Standar kenyamanan termis di Indonesia yang berpedoman pada standar Amerika [ANSI/ASHRAE 55-1992] merekomendasikan suhu nyaman 22.5o-26oC To, atau disederhanakan menjadi 24 oC + 2 oC To, atau rentang antara 22 oCTo hingga 26 oCTo. Perbedaan ini akan berakibat pada jumlah energi yang dikonsumsi oleh bangunan. Dibandingkan hasil penelitian diatas, suhu nyaman perencanaan bangunan berpengkondisi udara di Jakarta berada sekitar 2.5 oC To lebih rendah dibanding suhu rekomendasi ASHRAE. Paper ini juga menelaah beberapa faktor lain (jenis kelamin, usia, faktor gemuk, dsb.) - diluar enam faktor baku ISO - yang diperkirakan akan berpengaruh terhadap kenyamanan. Kata kunci: suhu udara, suhu operasi, suhu nyaman, sensasi termis.