Restorative Justice Berbasis Nilai Budaya Lokal: Relevansi Musyawarah dan Kekeluargaan dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana di Indonesia - Srigandawati, Srigandawati (Journal of Lex Theory (JLT), 2025)
Restorative justice merupakan pendekatan alternatif dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana yang menekankan pemulihan hubungan sosial antara pelaku, korban, dan masyarakat. Di Indonesia, penerapan restorative justice semakin relevan apabila dikaitkan dengan nilai-nilai budaya lokal, khususnya musyawarah dan kekeluargaan, yang sejak lama hidup dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis relevansi nilai budaya lokal dalam implementasi restorative justice serta tantangan penerapannya dalam sistem peradilan pidana modern. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta praktik penyelesaian perkara pidana melalui mekanisme non-litigasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai musyawarah dan kekeluargaan memiliki potensi besar dalam memperkuat efektivitas restorative justice, khususnya dalam perkara pidana ringan dan konflik sosial yang membutuhkan penyelesaian berbasis harmoni. Namun, terdapat tantangan berupa keterbatasan regulasi, resistensi aparat penegak hukum, serta potensi penyalahgunaan mekanisme kekeluargaan untuk melindungi pelaku tindak pidana. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa penerapan restorative justice berbasis nilai budaya lokal memerlukan landasan hukum yang lebih kuat, pedoman teknis yang jelas, serta sinergi antara lembaga penegak hukum dan masyarakat adat.. Restorative justice is an alternative approach to resolving criminal cases that emphasises the restoration of social relationships between offenders, victims, and the community. In Indonesia, the implementation of restorative justice becomes increasingly relevant when associated with local cultural values, particularly deliberation (musyawarah) and kinship (kekeluargaan), which have long been rooted in society. This study aims to analyse the relevance of local cultural values in the application of restorative justice as well as the challenges in integrating them within the modern criminal justice system. The research method employed is a normative juridical approach, focusing on the examination of statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and practices of dispute settlement through non-litigation mechanisms. The findings reveal that deliberation and kinship values have significant potential to enhance the effectiveness of restorative justice, especially in minor criminal cases and social conflicts that require harmony-based solutions. However, several challenges remain, including the lack of comprehensive regulations, resistance from law enforcement agencies, and the risk of misusing kinship mechanisms to protect offenders. The study concludes that the implementation of restorative justice based on local cultural values requires stronger legal foundations, clear technical guidelines, and synergy between law enforcement institutions and customary communities.