Uji In Vitro Efektivitas Ekstrak Biji Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Sebagai Larvasida Alami Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Culex sp. Instar III di Loka Labkesmas Pangandaran - Anissah, Neli; Setiani, Onny; Darundiati, Yusniar Hanani (Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 2025)
Latar belakang: Indonesia beriklim tropis dengan curah hujan yang tinggi, yang memungkinkan nyamuk dapat dengan mudah hidup dan berkembang biak. Nyamuk Culex sp. berperan sebagai vektor untuk penyakit seperti Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile Virus dan Filariasis. Salah satu metode pengendalian alami yang bisa diterapkan adalah dengan memanfaatkan larvasida hayati, yaitu pestisida yang terbuat dari bahan nabati. Biji sirsak diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang dapat di manfaatkan sebagai insektisida alami.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan desain post-test only controlled group. Larva yang digunakan larva nyamuk Culex sp. instar III dengan 5 konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak (0%, 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,5% dan 1%, masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 25 larva dan pengulangan 5 kali. Pengamatan di lakukan setelah 24 jam dan yang di peroleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney dan uji Probit untuk menghitung nilai LC50.Hasil: Biji sirsak memiliki kandungan senyawa alkaloid, senyawa ini bersifat toksik bagi pernapasan dan sistem pencernaan larva. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak (Annona muricata L.) akan meningkatkan jumlah mortalitas (kematian) larva Culex sp. Nilai LC50 yang diperoleh sebesar 0,188%, yang berarti konsentrasi 0,188% dapat menyebabkan efek 50% kematian populasi larva Culex sp. dalam waktu 24 jam.Simpulan: Ekstrak biji sirsak efektif sebagai larvasida alami terhadap larva nyamuk Culex sp., dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 0,188%.  Temuan ini, menunjukan bahwa ekstrak biji sirsak (Annona muricata L.) bisa menjadi alternatif untuk pengendalian vektor nyamuk yang aman, berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan.  ABSTRACT Title: Effectiveness Test of Soursop Seed Extract (Annona muricata Linn) as a Larvicide Against the Mortality of Culex sp. LarvaeBackground: Indonesia has a tropical climate with high rainfall, which provides favorable conditions for mosquitoes to live and breed easily. Culex species mosquitoes act as vectors for diseases such as Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus, and filariasis. One natural control method that can be applied is the use of biolarvicides, which are pesticides derived from plant-based materials. Soursop seeds are known to contain bioactive compounds that can be utilized as natural insecticides.Methods: This study was conducted experimentally using a post-test only controlled group design. The test subjects were third-instar Culex sp. mosquito larvae, exposed to five concentrations of soursop seed extract (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%). Each treatment group consisted of 25 larvae with five repetitions. Observations were made after 24 hours, and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney test, and Probit analysis to determine the LC₅₀ value.Result: Soursop seeds contain alkaloid compounds, which are toxic to the respiratory and digestive systems of mosquito larvae. The study showed that increasing the concentration of soursop seed extract (Annona muricata L.) led to a higher mortality rate of Culex sp. larvae. The LC₅₀ value obtained was 0.188%, indicating that this concentration caused 50% mortality of the larval population within 24 hours.Conclusion: Soursop seed extract is effective as a natural larvicide against Culex sp. mosquito larvae, with an LC₅₀ value of 0.188%. These findings suggest that soursop seed extract (Annona muricata L.) can serve as a safe, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative for mosquito vector control.