Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan dan Perilaku Prolingkungan pada Keluarga Nelayan : Perbandingan Wilayah Kepulauan dengan Daratan - Gusti, Aria; Iqbal, Wira (Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 2025)
Latar belakang: Penyakit berbasis lingkungan seperti ISPA, dermatitis, dan diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang signifikan di komunitas nelayan pesisir Indonesia. Penelitian di wilayah pesisir menunjukkan insidensi penyakit diare mencapai 58%, dermatitis kontak 20%, dan ISPA 5,5%. Perbedaan karakteristik geografis antara wilayah kepulauan dan daratan berpotensi memengaruhi perilaku pro-lingkungan dan tingkat kejadian penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kejadian penyakit berbasis lingkungan dan perilaku pro-lingkungan antara keluarga nelayan di wilayah kepulauan dan daratan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi komparatif dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2024. Populasi penelitian adalah keluarga nelayan di Kelurahan Muara Siberut (kepulauan) dan Pasie Nan Tigo (daratan). Sebanyak 198 responden dipilih dengan teknik stratified random sampling. Variabel penelitian adalah penyakit berbasis lingkungan dan perilaku prolingkungan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, kemudian dianalisis dengan uji chi-square untuk melihat perbedaan antar wilayah.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian ISPA dan diare lebih tinggi pada keluarga nelayan di Muara Siberut (62,8% dan 54,7%) dibandingkan dengan Pasie Nan Tigo (37,2% dan 45,3%). Kejadian dermatitis lebih tinggi di Pasie Nan Tigo (68,9%) dibandingkan dengan Muara Siberut (31,1%). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kejadian ISPA (p=0,049) dan dermatitis (p=0,000), namun tidak pada diare (p=0,256). Dari sisi perilaku, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada metode pembuangan sampah, kebiasaan memakai alas kaki, dan menjaga kebersihan halaman rumah. Sebaliknya, perilaku membuka jendela dan keberadaan vektor tidak berbeda signifikan antara kedua wilayah.Simpulan: Perbedaan geografis memengaruhi perilaku pro-lingkungan dan kejadian penyakit berbasis lingkungan pada keluarga nelayan. Diperlukan kebijakan penguatan pengelolaan sanitasi berbasis masyarakat di wilayah kepulauan sebagai upaya preventif yang aplikatif dan berkelanjutan. ABSTRACT Title: Environmentally Based Diseases and Pro-Environmental Behavior in Fishermen's Families: Comparison of Island and Mainland AreasBackground: Environmentally-based diseases such as acute respiratory infections, dermatitis, and diarrhea remain significant health problems in Indonesia's coastal fishing communities. Research in coastal areas indicates that the incidence of diarrhea reaches 58%, contact dermatitis 20%, and acute respiratory infections (ARI) 5.5%. Differences in geographic characteristics between island and mainland areas can influence pro-environmental behavior and disease incidence rates. This study aims to analyze differences in the incidence of environment-based diseases and pro-environmental behavior between fishing families in island and mainland areas.Method: This study is a comparative study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted from May to July 2024. The study population was fishermen’s families in Muara Siberut Village (islands) and Pasie Nan Tigo (mainland). A total of 198 respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The research variables were environment-based diseases and pro-environmental behavior. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires, then analyzed using the chi-square test to see differences between regions..Result:  The results of the study showed that the incidence of ARI and diarrhea was higher in fishing families in Muara Siberut (62.8% and 54.7%) compared to Pasie Nan Tigo (37.2% and 45.3%). The incidence of dermatitis was higher in Pasie Nan Tigo (68.9%) compared to Muara Siberut (31.1%). There were significant differences in the incidence of ARI (p=0.049) and dermatitis (p=0.000), but not in diarrhea (p=0.256). In terms of behavior, there were significant differences in waste disposal methods, footwear habits, and yard maintenance. In contrast, the behavior of opening windows and the presence of vectors did not differ significantly between the two regions.Conclusion: Geographical differences affect pro-environmental behavior and the incidence of environmentally based diseases in fishing families. A policy is needed to strengthen community-based sanitation management in the archipelago as an applicable and sustainable preventive effort.