Impact of Housing Quality on Acute Respiratory Infections in Flood-Prone Urban Settlements: A Mixed-Methods Study in Dukuh Kupang, Surabaya, Indonesia - Warasanti, Endang Susanti; Budi Nugroho, Arif Rianto; Maharani, Yohana Noradika; Purwanta, Jawa (Sanus Medical Journal, 2025)
Penyakit jantung koroner Latar Belakang: Kualitas hunian merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi kesehatan pernapasan, khususnya di wilayah perkotaan rawan banjir. Di Kelurahan Dukuh Kupang, Surabaya, ventilasi buruk, kelembaban tinggi, dan kepadatan hunian diduga meningkatkan risiko Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas (ISPA). Untuk mendukung intervensi kesehatan perkotaan, penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas hunian dan insiden ISPA.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods, menggabungkan survei rumah tangga pada 80 responden dari 8 Rukun Warga dengan wawancara informan kunci. Faktor-faktor seperti jenis lantai, jenis dinding, luas ventilasi, kelembaban udara, suhu ruangan, dan kepadatan hunian menunjukkan kualitas hunian. Gejala dan tingkat keparahan ISPA diidentifikasi melalui kuesioner dan catatan medis. Analisis regresi logistik digunakan untuk menguji hubungan statistik.Hasil: Sebanyak 62% rumah memiliki ventilasi tidak memadai, 55% memiliki kelembaban tinggi, dan 48,8% memiliki kepadatan hunian tinggi. Kejadian ISPA mencapai 71,3%, dengan gejala batuk (90,0%) dan demam (82,5%) paling sering dilaporkan. Ventilasi buruk berhubungan signifikan dengan ISPA (OR = 4,02; 95% CI: 1,78–9,08; p < 0,01).Kesimpulan: Risiko infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) meningkat secara signifikan di daerah perkotaan yang rentan banjir. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya meningkatkan kondisi fisik perumahan, terutama ventilasi dan lingkungan dalam ruangan, sebagai strategi kritis dalam intervensi kesehatan masyarakat untuk mengurangi risiko ISPA di daerah-daerah rentan tersebut.   Background: In urban areas that are susceptible to flooding, the condition of housing is a critical determinant of respiratory health. In Dukuh Kupang, Surabaya, poor ventilation, high humidity, and overcrowding are suspected to elevate Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) risk. This study investigated the correlation between the incidence of ARI and the condition of housing in order to inform urban health interventions.Methods: A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining a household survey of 80 residents from 8 neighbourhood units with key informant interviews. Housing indicators included floor type, wall type, ventilation area, humidity, temperature, and occupancy density. ARI symptoms and severity were assessed through questionnaires and clinical records. Logistic regression tested statistical associations. Results: A high occupancy density of 48.8%, 55% of houses had excessive humidity, and over 62% of houses lacked adequate ventilation.  The incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) was 71.3%, with fever (82.5%) and cough (90.0%) being the most prevalent.  ARI was significantly correlated with inadequate ventilation (OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 1.78–9.08, p < 0.01).Conclusion: Urban areas that are susceptible to inundation experience a substantial increase in the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). This study emphasizes the importance of improving physical housing conditions, particularly ventilation and indoor environments, as a critical strategy in public health interventions to reduce the risk of ARI in these vulnerable areas.