KENDALA DALAM PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN RESTRUKTURISASI KREDIT BERMASALAH (STUDI KASUS DI PT. BANK PEREKONOMIAN RAKYAT (BPR) UNIVERSAL KALIMANTAN BARAT) - NIM. A1012181230, HERYBERTUS (Jurnal Fatwa Hukum, 2025)
ABSTRACT This study discusses the " constraints in the implementation of non-performing loan restructuring policy (Case Study in PT. People's economic Bank (BPR) Universal West Kalimantan)". BPR Universal West Kalimantan provides credit relaxation to 100 debtors, both small and medium business actors and Non-MSMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic to prevent loan defaults. This research, focused on Empirical Legal Research. In this study, 8 people were sampled consisting of, 1 director of BPR Universal West Kalimantan, 1 credit analyst team, 1 legal and litigation team, and 5 debtor customers receiving restructuring who were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and one of them was a bad credit debtor after being restructured. Based on the results of research and discussion, the following results were obtained: that the constraints in the implementation of the policy of restructuring non-performing loans at Bank Ekonomi Rakyat (BPR) Universal West Kalimantan, among others, debtors who have obtained restructuring assistance but are unable to pay their credit installments, causing non-performing loans. This situation poses risks for the bank, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, which threatens its financial stability. By law, the restructuring of problem loans between creditors and debtors in BPR Universal creates new agreements to fulfill their rights and obligations, updates the loan principal and repayment terms. If the debtor fails to pay the debt that has been restructured according to the addendum, the bank will issue a warning letter, and if the debtor does not comply, it is considered a default. The borrower must act in good faith and understand the credit agreement in order to assess the risks and consequences. The bank must also ensure that the use of credit facilities is appropriate and not abused for consumer purposes. Keywords: Credit Restructuring, Rural Banks, Covid-19, Banking Law ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas tentang "Kendala Dalam Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Restrukturisasi Kredit Bermasalah (Studi Kasus di PT. Bank Perekonomian Rakyat (BPR) Universal Kalimantan Barat)". BPR Universal Kalimantan Barat memberikan relaksasi kredit kepada 100 debitur baik pelaku usaha kecil menengah maupun Non UMKM selama pandemi Covid-19 untuk mencegah gagal bayar pinjaman. Penelitian ini, difokuskan pada penelitian hukum empiris. Pada penelitian ini, telah diambil sampel 8 orang yang terdiri dari, 1 orang Direktur BPR Universal Kalimantan Barat, 1 orang tim analis kredit, 1 orang tim legal dan litigasi, dan 5 orang nasabah debitur penerima restrukturisasi yang terdampak pandemi COVID-19 dan satu diantaranya merupakan debitur kredit macet setelah direstruktur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut : Bahwa kendala dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan restrukturisasi kredit bermasalah di Bank Perekonomian Rakyat (BPR) Universal Kalimantan Barat antara lain, debitur yang telah memperoleh bantuan restrukturisasi namun tidak mampu membayar angsuran kreditnya sehingga menimbulkan kredit bermasalah. Situasi ini menimbulkan risiko bagi bank, terutama di masa pandemi COVID-19 yang mengancam stabilitas keuangannya. Secara hukum, restrukturisasi pinjaman bermasalah antara kreditur dan debitur di BPR Universal menciptakan perjanjian baru untuk memenuhi hak dan kewajiban mereka, memperbarui pokok pinjaman dan ketentuan pembayaran. Apabila debitur gagal membayar utang yang telah direstrukturisasi sesuai adendum, maka bank akan menerbitkan surat peringatan, dan apabila debitur tidak mematuhi maka dianggap wanprestasi. Peminjam harus bertindak dengan itikad baik dan memahami perjanjian kredit untuk menilai risiko dan konsekuensinya. Pihak bank juga harus memastikan bahwa penggunaan fasilitas kredit tepat dan tidak disalahgunakan untuk tujuan konsumen. Kata Kunci : Restrukturisasi Kredit, Bank Perekonomian Rakyat, Covid-19, Hukum Perbankan