ØªØÙ„ÙŠÙ„ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ù…Ø© Ù„Ø¯Ù‰ Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù‡Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠ Ø¯Ø§Ø± Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø¯Ø§ÙŠØ© Ø¨Ø§Ø·ÙŠ - Anshori, Kafiya (El-Hayah, 2021)
Ù…Ù„Ø®Øµ : Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø¯Ù Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø§Ù… ÙÙŠ ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ù‡Ùˆ ØªØ±Ù‚ÙŠØ© Ù‚Ø¯Ø±Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø´ÙÙˆÙŠØ§ Ùˆ ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨ÙŠØ§. ÙƒØ«ÙŠØ±Ø§ Ù…Ø§ ÙŠØ¬Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ Â Ø§Ù„ØµØ¹ÙˆØ¨Ø§Øª ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ù…Ø¹ Ø£Ù†Ù‡Ù… Ù‚Ø§Ø¯Ø±ÙˆÙ† Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ø§Ù… ÙˆØ§Ù„Ù‚Ø±Ø§Ø¡Ø© ÙˆÙ‚Ø¯ ÙŠØ¬Ø¯ÙˆÙ† Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ Ù…Ù† ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø£ØØ±Ù Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø®ØªÙ„ÙØ© ÙˆØ§Ù„Ù…ØªÙ‚Ø§Ø±Ø¨Ø© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø®Ø±Ø¬ ÙˆÙ‚ÙˆØ§Ø¹Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¡.ÙƒØ§Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø±ØÙ„Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù…ØªÙˆØ³Ø·Ø© Ø¨Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù‡Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠ Ø¯Ø§Ø± Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø¯Ø§ÙŠØ© Ø¨Ø§Ø·ÙŠ ÙŠÙÙ‡Ù…ÙˆÙ† Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙˆÙŠÙ‚Ø¯Ø±ÙˆÙ† Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ø§Ø³ØªÙ…Ø§Ø¹ ÙˆØ§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ø§Ù… ÙˆØ§Ù„Ù‚Ø±Ø§Ø¡Ø© Ø¨Ù‡Ø§ ÙˆÙ„ÙƒÙ†Ù‡Ù… ÙŠØ¬ÙŠØ¯ÙˆÙ† Ø§Ù„ØµØ¹ÙˆØ¨Ø§Øª ÙˆØ§Ù„Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø§Øª ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© ØÙŠØ« Ø£Ù†Ù‡Ø§ Ù…Ø§Ø¯Ø© ÙˆØ§Ø¬Ø¨Ø© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù‡Ø¯. ÙˆÙ†ØªØ§Ø¦Ø¬ Ù‡Ø°Ø§ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ« Ù‡ÙŠ :(1) ÙˆØ¬Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø§ØØ« Ø£Ø´ÙƒØ§Ù„ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ Ø§Ù„ØªÙŠ ØªØªÙƒÙˆÙ† Ù…Ù† : Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙŠ ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ù…Ø© (Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„ØµÙˆØªÙŠØ©), ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙŠ Ø²ÙŠØ§Ø¯Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¯Ù‘ ÙˆØØ°ÙÙ‡ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ù…Ø§Øª, ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„ØØ±ÙƒØ§Øª, ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙŠ Ù‚ÙˆØ§Ø¹Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¡. (2) Ø£Ø´ÙƒØ§Ù„ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ© Ø£ÙƒØ«Ø± Ø´ÙŠÙˆØ¹Ø§ ÙÙŠ ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ù…Ø© (Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„ØµÙˆØªÙŠØ©) ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„ÙØ±Ù‚ Ø¨ÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„Ø£ØØ±Ù Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù‚Ø±Ø¨ÙŠÙ† ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø®Ø±Ø¬. (3) ÙˆØ£Ù…Ø§ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ Ø§Ù„Ù…ØªØ¨Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ù…Ø© Ù„Ø¯Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø±ØÙ„Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù…ØªÙˆØ³Ø·Ø© Ø¨Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù‡Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠ Ø¯Ø§Ø± Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø¯Ø§ÙŠØ© Ø¨Ø§Ø·ÙŠ, ÙÙ‡ÙŠ ÙÙŠ ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ù…Ø© (Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„ØµÙˆØªÙŠØ©) 15 Ø·Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø§ Ù…Ù† Ø¹Ø¯Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø±ØÙ„Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù…ØªÙˆØ³Ø·Ø© 40 Ø·Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø§.Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ù…Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø³Ø§Ø³ÙŠØ© : ØªØÙ„ÙŠÙ„ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡, Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù‡Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠ Ø¯Ø§Ø± Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø¯Ø§ÙŠØ© Ø¨Ø§Ø·ÙŠÂ