Pengaruh Patient Decision Aid terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap, Tindakan dan Hasil Klinis Pengobatan Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 - Suradnyana, I Gede M.; Rahem, Abdul; Aditama, Lisa (Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 2018)
Diabetes melitus (DM) termasuk ke dalam empat besar penyakit kronis yang prevalensinya terus meningkat di seluruh dunia. Jumlah penderita DM di Indonesia pada tahun 2015 adalah sepuluh juta dan diperkirakan akan terus meningkat. Masalah yang dihadapi Indonesia dalam penanganan DM adalah kontrol gula darah yang buruk, tingkat pengetahuan pasien yang rendah tentang pengelolaan penyakit dan terapi, serta sangat sedikitnya puskesmas yang memiliki apoteker. Patient decision aid (PDA) secara substansial dan signifikan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien. PDA dirancang berdasarkan konstruk health belief model (HBM) dengan target peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan berkaitan manajemen DM tipe 2 (DMT2). Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh PDA terhadap tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, tindakan dan hasil klinis pengobatan. Penelitian ini bersifat pra-eksperimental satu kelompok dengan desain intervensi pretest-posttest yang melibatkan 28 penderita DMT2 berumur 21-65 tahun dan merupakan peserta BPJS Kesehatan yang berobat di Puskesmas I Denpasar Utara, serta belum pernah dirujuk ke fasilitas kesehatan lanjut. Subjek diberikan PDA sebagai intervensi dan hasil utama yang diukur adalah perubahan pengetahuan, sikap, tindakan dan kadar gula darah puasa. Penelitian ini menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan, serta penurunan kadar gula darah puasa subjek antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan PDA. Pemberian PDA menyebabkan peningkatan signifikan (p<0,05) tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan, serta penurunan signifikan kadar gula darah puasa.Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus tipe 2, kadar gula darah puasa, patient decision aid (PDA), pengetahuan, sikap, tindakanEffect of Patient Decision Aid on Level of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Clinical Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus PatientsAbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of four major chronic diseases which prevalence continued to increase worldwide. The number of diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia in 2015 were ten million and expected to increase. Several problems faced by Indonesia in handling DM were bad blood sugar control, low patientâs knowledge level about disease management and its therapy, and there are few primary health care that have pharmacist. Patient decision aid (PDA) was substantially and significantly able to increase patientâs knowledge. PDA was designed based on the construct of health belief model (HBM) with the target to increase knowledge, attitude, and action related with management of type 2 DM (T2DM). The main purpose of this research was to determine the effect of PDA to knowledge level, attitude, action, and clinical outcome treatment. This research used pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design that involved 28 DMT2 patients aged 21-65 years old, were participants of Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) who got treatment at Puskesmas I Denpasar Utara and had never been referred to a further health care facility. The subjects were given PDA as intervention and main results measured were change of knowledge, attitude, action and fasting blood sugar level. Result of this research showed an increase in knowledge level, attitude, and action of the subjects, as well as decrease in subjectsâ fasting blood sugar between before and after they had been given the PDA. Giving PDA caused a significant increase (p<0,05) in level of knowledge, attitude, and action, and significant decrease of fasting blood sugar.Keywords: Attitude, fasting blood sugar levels, knowledge, patient decision aid (PDA), practice, type 2 diabetes mellitus