Integrasi pertolongan pertama dan aktivasi ambulans: Sebuah tinjauan literatur - Susila, I Pasek Wayan Agung; Agustini, Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari; Diyu, Ida Ayu Ningrat Pangruating; Sanjana, I Wayan Edi (Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan, 2025)
Background: Rapid response to medical emergencies is a crucial factor in reducing patient mortality and morbidity. However, the ambulance calling system in Indonesia still faces various challenges, such as limited access to information, delayed responses, and lack of integration with emergency command centers. Purpose: To review various studies related to the development of mobile/web-based applications for emergency medical services, and to identify research gaps and opportunities for further development. Methods: A search was conducted using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, followed by a review and synthesis process using PRISMA. An initial 219 articles were found, of which 15 were included in the study. Results: The application is capable of facilitating ambulance ordering, real-time location tracking, and accelerating emergency response. However, most studies are limited to technical function tests with small sample sizes and have not measured the application's effectiveness on clinical indicators. Conclusion: Innovation in web-based and mobile emergency applications has significant potential to improve response speed, ambulance calling accuracy, and community empowerment in first aid. However, further research is still needed with a broader scope, strong quantitative methods such as quasi-experiments or RCTs, as well as multi-dimensional evaluations involving technical, clinical, and user experience aspects.   Keywords: Emergency Medical Services; First Aid; Mobile Application.   Pendahuluan: Respon cepat terhadap keadaan gawat darurat medis menjadi faktor penting dalam menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas pasien. Namun, sistem pemanggilan ambulans di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan akses informasi, keterlambatan respon, dan kurangnya integrasi dengan pusat komando darurat. Tujuan: Untuk meninjau berbagai penelitian terkait integrasi pertolongan pertama dan aktivasi ambulans. Metode: pencarian artikel dilakukan database PubMed dan ScienceDirect kemudian proses review dan sintesis dilakukan menggunakan PRISMA. Artikel awal yang ditemukan adalah 219, kemudian 15 artikel disertakan dalam penelitian. Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mampu memfasilitasi pemesanan ambulans, pelacakan lokasi real-time, dan percepatan respon darurat. Namun, sebagian besar studi masih terbatas pada uji fungsi teknis dengan sampel kecil, belum mengukur efektivitas aplikasi pada indikator klinis. Simpulan: Inovasi aplikasi darurat berbasis web maupun mobile memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkan kecepatan respon, akurasi pemanggilan ambulans, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pertolongan pertama. Namun, masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan cakupan yang lebih luas, metode kuantitatif yang kuat misalnya quasi-experiment atau RCT, serta evaluasi multi-dimensi yang melibatkan aspek teknis, klinis, dan pengalaman pengguna. Kata Kunci: Aplikasi Seluler; Layanan Medis Darurat; Pertolongan Pertama.