Pengaruh Perendaman Ekstrak Kasar Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) terhadap Histopatologi Hati Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio) yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Pseudomonas Fluorescens: The Effect of Soaking Starfruit Leaf Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) on the Histopathology of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Liver Infected with Pseudomonas Fluorescens - Nur’aini, Asy-Syfa’ Rahma; Suprastyani, Heny; Rangkuti, Rizky Fadilla Agustin (JFMR-Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research, 2025)
Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan komoditas budidaya air tawar unggulan di Indonesia, namun rentan terhadap infeksi bakteri Pseudomonas fluorescens yang dapat menyebabkan kematian massal. Penggunaan antibiotik sebagai pengobatan menyebabkan resiko resistensi bakteri. Salah satu pengobatan alternatif alami yaitu memanfaatkan daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ekstrak kasar daun belimbing wuluh terhadap histopatologi hati ikan mas yang diinfeksi bakteri P. fluorescens. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan RAL dengan 5 perlakuan 3 ulangan, serta 2 kontrol positif dan negatif sebagai pembanding. Perlakuan pengobatan melalui metode perendaman pada penelitian ini menggunakan konsentrasi 5 ppm, 45 ppm, 85 ppm, 125 ppm, dan 165 ppm. Analisis histopatologi hati dan kelulushidupan ikan mas dilakukan menggunakan uji Kruskal–Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Dunn’s. Sementara itu, data jumlah leukosit dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh secara signifikan memengaruhi kerusakan histopatologi hati, dengan konsentrasi optimal 125 ppm yang memberikan kerusakan paling minimal (skor kongesti 1.20; degenerasi 1.47; inflamasi 1.40; nekrosis 1.33), serta meningkatkan jumlah leukosit (12,53×104 sel/mm3) dan kelulushidupan (93,33%).   Carp (C. carpio) is a superior freshwater aquaculture commodity in Indonesia, but is susceptible to P. fluorescens bacterial infection which can cause mass mortality. The use of antibiotics as a treatment causes the risk of bacterial resistance. One of the natural alternative treatments is utilizing starfruit leaves (A. bilimbi L.). This study aims to test the effect of crude extract of starfruit leaves on the histopathology of carp liver infected with P. fluorescens bacteria. The study was conducted experimentally using RAL with 5 treatments, 3 replications, and control as a comparison. The treatment treatment through the immersion method in this study used concentrations of 5 ppm, 45 ppm, 85 ppm, 125 ppm, and 165 ppm. Histopathological analysis of the liver and the survival rate of common carp were examined using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s test. Meanwhile, leukocyte count data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that starfruit leaf extract significantly affected histopathological liver damage, with an optimal concentration of 125 ppm which provided the most minimal damage (congestion score 1.20; degeneration 1.47; inflammation 1.40; necrosis 1.33), as well as increasing the number of leukocytes (12.53×104 cells/mm3) and survival rate (93,33%).