TRANSFORMASI PASANGAN KAWIN PAKSA MENUJU KELUARGA SAKINAH DI DESA BANGKES KECAMATAN KADUR KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN: STUDI PENERAPAN KONSEP MUBADALAH - Khoirinnisak; Habib; Fathimatuz Zahroh (Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 2026)
Abstrak Kawin paksa merupakan fenomena yang masih kerap terjadi di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia termasuk di desa Bangkes kecamatan Kadur kabupaten Pamekasan. Namun berbeda dengan pandangan tersebut, sebagian besar pasangan kawin paksa di desa tersebut justru berhasil membentuk keluarga yang harmonis serta berhasil mewujudkan nilai-nilai keluarga yang sakinah mawaddah warahmah. Fenomena ini menarik untuk diteliti karena menunjukkan adanya proses transformasi relasi yang semula berlandaskan keterpaksaan menjadi hubungan yang dilandaskan kesalingan, cinta kasih dan kedamaian melalui penerapan konsep mubadalah. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah; bagaimana praktik kawin paksa di desa bangkes Kecamatan kadur Kabupaten Pamekasan?, faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendorong terjadinya transformasi (relasi suami-istri) pada perkawinan paksa menuju keluarga sakinah di desa bengkes Kecamatan kadur Kabupaten Pamekasan?, bagaimana nilai-nilai konsep mubadalah diterapkan dalam proses transformasi pasangan kawin paksa menuju keluarga sakinah di desa bangkes kecamatan kadur kabupaten Pamekasan? Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis fenomenologi. Lokasi penelitian dipilih Desa Bangkes Kecamatan Kadur Kabupaten Pamekasan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi non partisipan serta metode dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data menggunakan teknik editing, organizing serta analizing. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik kawin paksa di Desa Bangkes masih dilandasi oleh dominasi orang tua, terutama melalui peran sentral pangadhe’ yang memegang kendali penuh atas proses perjodohan tanpa melibatkan persetujuan calon mempelai perempuan. Tradisi seperti ngin-angin, penggunaan jam pijampi, dan penentuan mahar yang memihak pihak laki-laki menunjukkan struktur relasi yang hierarkis dan mengabaikan hak individu anak perempuan. Meskipun demikian, beberapa pasangan yang menjalani kawin paksa mampu membentuk keluarga sakinah melalui proses transformasi yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal seperti dukungan keluarga dan sikap pasangan, serta faktor internal seperti kesadaran diri, pendekatan spiritual, kontrol emosi, adaptasi, dan komunikasi yang sehat. Proses transformasi ini berlangsung melalui lima tahapan psikologis: attraction, curiosity, crisis, deep attachment, dan commitment. Penerapan nilai-nilai konsep mubadalah dalam kehidupan pernikahan menjadi kunci terbentuknya relasi yang setara dan harmonis. Nilai-nilai seperti kesalingan, musyawarah, dan komitmen dalam ikatan pernikahan memperkuat kepercayaan dan tanggung jawab bersama, sekaligus menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan keluarga sakinah tidak ditentukan oleh awal mula pernikahan, melainkan oleh kemauan dan usaha kedua belah pihak dalam menjalani kehidupan rumah tangga secara adil dan bermitra. Kata Kunci: Kawin Paksa, Sakinah, Konsep Mubadalah. Abstract Forced marriage remains a recurring phenomenon among Indonesian communities, including in Bangkes Village, Kadur District, Pamekasan Regency. While forced marriages are generally associated with negative impacts—such as psychological and physical harm, as well as a decline in family quality—the situation in Bangkes Village presents a contrasting reality. In this village, many forced marriage couples have successfully built harmonious families, often referred to as sakinah mawadah warahmah. The success of these marriages cannot be separated from the efforts of the couples to transform their initially coerced relationships into ones grounded in mutual respect, love, and peace. One alternative approach to achieve this is through the application of the mubadalah concept. The problems in this study are; how is the practice of forced marriage in Bangkes Village, Kadur District, Pamekasan Regency?, what factors encourage the transformation (of husband-wife relations) in forced marriages towards a harmonious family in Bangkes Village, Kadur District, Pamekasan Regency?, how are the values of the concept of mubadallah applied in the process of transformation of forced marriage couples towards a harmonious family in Bangkes Village, Kadur District, Pamekasan Regency?This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. Data collection techniques included interviews to gain deeper insights into how forced marriage couples undergo transformation toward forming a sakinah (harmonious) family through the application of the mubadalah concept; observation to examine the obstacles faced by forced marriage couples in building a sakinah family and to observe the role of the mubadalah concept in facilitating such transformation; and documentation to complement data obtained from interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that the practice of forced marriage in Bangkes Village is still based on parental dominance, especially through the central role of the pangadhe’ who holds full control over the matchmaking process without involving the consent of the prospective bride. Traditions such as ngin-angin, the use of jam pijampi, and the determination of dowry that favors the man indicate a hierarchical relationship structure and ignore the individual rights of the girl. However, some couples who undergo forced marriage are able to form a harmonious family through a transformation process influenced by external factors such as family support and the attitude of the partner, as well as internal factors such as self-awareness, spiritual approach, emotional control, adaptation, and healthy communication. This transformation process takes place through five psychological stages: attraction, curiosity, crisis, deep attachment, and commitment. The application of the values of the mubadalah concept in married life is the key to forming an equal and harmonious relationship. Values such as mutuality, deliberation, and commitment in the bonds of marriage strengthen trust and shared responsibility, while also showing that the formation of a harmonious family is not determined by the beginning of the marriage, but by the willingness and efforts of both parties in living a household life fairly and in partnership. Keywords: forced marriage, sakinah, mubadalah concept.