Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fungi Endofit Daun Bidara Arab (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes Dan Staphylococcus epidermidis - Alfrida Monica Salasa; Defline Apriliana Layuksugi; Sesilia Rante Pakadang; St. Ratnah; Asmawati (Media Farmasi, 2025)
Isolation, Identification, and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves Against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Ziziphus spina-christi L. (Arabian bidara) has long been used in traditional medicine for preventing acne and enhancing skin health. Acne pathogenesis is closely associated with the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from bidara leaves and assess their ability to produce antibacterial secondary metabolites. Endophytes were isolated through surface sterilization and successive purification on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, followed by fermentation on Potato Dextrose Agar and ethyl acetate extraction. Phytochemical profiling and antibacterial activity were evaluated using standard qualitative assays and the agar diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar, respectively.Six pure isolates were obtained: brown (Aspergillus niger), grey (Colletotrichum sp.), cream (Aspergillus terreus), green (Aspergillus flavus), turquoise (Aspergillus fumigatus), and white (Cylindrocladium sp.). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins in varying combinations across isolates. Antibacterial testing showed that all isolates inhibited P. acnes and S. epidermidis, except the green isolate, which exhibited no bactericidal activity. These findings indicate that bidara leaf endophytes represent a promising source of antibacterial compounds with potential applications in acne management. Tanaman Bidara Arab (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) adalah tanaman tradisional yang diyakini secara empiris mencegah pertumbuhan jerawat dan menghaluskan kulit. Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis merupakan jenis bakteri yang dapat menimbulkan jerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat fungi endofit Daun Bidara Arab yang berpotensi menghasilkan metabolit sekunder sebagai antibakteri Propinobacterum acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Fungi endofit diisolasi dengan cara sterilisasi Daun Bidara Arab, selanjutnya diinokulasi berulang pada media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar hingga diperoleh isolat murni. Dilakukan fermentasi pada media Potato Dextrose Agar diekstraksi dengan etil asetat. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak etil asetat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan metabolit sekunder digunakan untuk pengujian antibakteri dengan metode difusi agar pada media Mueller Hinton Agar. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 6 isolat murni, yaitu isolat coklat diduga Aspergillus niger, isolat abu-abu diduga Colletotrichum sp, isolat crem diduga Aspergillus terreus, isolat hijau diduga Aspergillus flavus, isolat toska diduga Aspergillus fumigatus, serta isolat putih diduga Cylindrocladium. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan isolat coklat mengandung alkaloid, polifenol, tannin, isolat crem mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan tannin, isolat abu-abu mengandung polifenol dan tannin, isolat putih mengandung flavonoid, polifenol, tannin. Pengujian antibakteri didapatkan semua isolat pada Daun Bidara Arab berpotensi menghambat serta membunuh Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis sedangkan isolat hijau tidak berpotensi dalam membunuh Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis