Penerapan evidence-based practice aktivitas jalan kaki terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada diabetisi - Nurhayani, Yani; Sofiani, Yani; Yunitri, Ninik (Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan, 2025)
Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) increases annually. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can lead to various complications. DM management is known to be based on five pillars: diet, pharmacological treatment, physical activity, education, and blood sugar monitoring. One of the pillars of effective type 2 DM management is physical activity. Recommended physical activities include gymnastics, leisurely cycling, jogging, swimming, and walking. Physical activities such as walking are beneficial for improving insulin sensitivity, maintaining physical fitness, and can help lower blood sugar. Purpose: To determine the effect of evidence-based walking training (EBNP) on reducing blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Method: The implementation of evidence-based walking training (EBNP) was experimental with a pre-posttest design, involving 12 participants. The physical activity, which consisted of walking, was performed by people with diabetes for 3 minutes every 30 minutes for 7 hours. Blood sugar levels were measured before and after the physical activity. Results: The mean difference between fasting and post-EBP blood glucose levels was 6.08 with a standard deviation of 57.429 g% and a p-value of 0.721, indicating no significant difference between fasting and post-EBP blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, the mean difference between fasting and post-EBP blood glucose levels was 24.75 mg/dl with a standard deviation of 38.558 g%. The statistical test yielded a p-value of 0.048, indicating a significant difference between 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels and those after EBP implementation. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between fasting blood glucose levels before and after EBNP implementation (p = 0.721). However, there was a significant difference in 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels (p = 0.048), indicating that walking can reduce postprandial blood glucose levels.   Keywords: Blood Sugar Levels; Evidence-Based Practice; People with Diabetes; Walking Activity.   Pendahuluan: Prevalensi penyakit diabetes melitus (DM) semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. DM yang tidak terkontrol kadar gula darahnya dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi. Pengelolaan penyakit DM disebut dengan lima pilar meliputi diet, pengobatan farmakologi, aktivitas fisik, edukasi, dan monitor kadar gula darah. Salah satu pilar dalam pengelolaan DM tipe 2 yang efektif yaitu aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik yang telah direkomendasikan meliputi senam, bersepeda santai, jogging, berenang, dan jalan kaki. Aktivitas fisik seperti jalan kaki bermanfaat untuk memperbaiki sensitivitas insulin, menjaga kebugaran tubuh, dan dapat membantu dalam menurunkan gula darah. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh evidence-based practice aktivitas jalan kaki terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada diabetisi. Metode: Penerapan evidence-based practice (EBNP) ini bersifat eksperimen menggunakan design pre-post test dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 12 partisipan. Aktivitas fisik berupa jalan kaki dilakukan oleh diabetisi selama 3 menit setiap 30 menit dalam waktu 7 jam. Diabetisi dilakukan pengukuran kadar gula darah sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas fisik. Hasil: Nilai mean perbedaan antara pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan kadar glukosa darah setelah penerapan EBP adalah 6.08 dengan standar deviasi 57.429 gr% dan p value sebesar 0.721, menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan kadar glukosa darah setelah penerapan EBP. Sementara itu, nilai mean perbedaan antara pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan kadar glukosa darah setelah penerapan EBP adalah 24.75 mg/dl dengan standar deviasi 38.558 gr%. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan p value 0.048, menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah 2 jam post prandial dan kadar glukosa darah setelah penerapan EBP. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar glukosa darah puasa sebelum dan sesudah penerapan EBNP (p = 0.721). Namun, terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kadar glukosa darah 2 jam post prandial (p = 0.048), sehingga aktivitas fisik jalan kaki terbukti berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah setelah makan.   Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Jalan Kaki; Diabetisi; Evidence-Based Practice; Kadar Gula Darah.