Tinjauan Kapasitas Terhadap Arus Kunjungan Kapal dan Peti Kemas pada Pelabuhan PT Pelindo Bumi Harjo Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat - Harmono, Harmono; Murniati, Murniati; Elvina, Ina (Empiricism Journal, 2025)
Pelabuhan PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Bumi Harjo di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat memegang peranan penting sebagai pusat distribusi komoditas ekspor dan impor melalui terminal peti kemas. Seiring meningkatnya arus kunjungan kapal dan volume peti kemas, pelabuhan ini menghadapi tantangan serius terkait kapasitas dan kualitas pelayanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan antara kapasitas pelayanan pelabuhan dengan arus kapal dan peti kemas berdasarkan dua indikator kinerja utama, yaitu waiting time (WT) dan approach time (AT). Data yang digunakan merupakan data operasional sekunder tahun 2025 yang diperoleh dari instansi terkait, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan perbandingan terhadap standar pelayanan pelabuhan yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Perhubungan melalui DJPL dan KSOP Kelas IV Kumai. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata waiting time (WT) kapal mencapai 8,35 jam, jauh melampaui standar maksimal 1 jam, dengan hanya 1% kapal yang memenuhi ketentuan tersebut. Sementara itu, rata-rata approach time (AT) tercatat sebesar 7,47 jam, melebihi ambang batas 3 jam, dan hanya 2% kapal yang memenuhi standar pelayanan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya deviasi signifikan antara kinerja pelayanan aktual dan standar operasional pelabuhan. Faktor utama penyebab tingginya WT dan AT meliputi keterbatasan jumlah petugas pandu dan kapal tunda, kepadatan lalu lintas kapal, kondisi cuaca yang kurang mendukung, serta aktivitas pengerukan di alur pelayaran. Kontribusi ilmiah penelitian ini tidak hanya bersifat evaluatif, tetapi juga memberikan landasan analitis bagi perencanaan peningkatan kapasitas dan efisiensi sistem pelayanan pelabuhan, khususnya melalui optimalisasi sumber daya pandu-tunda, pengelolaan lalu lintas kapal, serta penyesuaian kapasitas infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan arus kapal dan peti kemas. Capacity Review of Vessel and Container Traffic at PT Pelindo Bumi Harjo Port, West Kotawaringin Regency Abstract The Port of PT Pelindo Multi Terminal, Bumi Harjo Branch, in West Kotawaringin Regency plays a crucial role as a distribution hub for export and import commodities through its container terminal. Along with the increasing number of vessel calls and container volumes, the port faces serious challenges related to service capacity and quality. This study employs a quantitative descriptive research design aimed at analyzing the relationship between port service capacity and vessel and container traffic based on two key performance indicators, namely waiting time (WT) and approach time (AT). The data used consist of secondary operational data from 2025 obtained from relevant institutions and analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and comparisons with port service standards established by the Ministry of Transportation through the Directorate General of Sea Transportation (DJPL) and the Kumai Class IV Port Authority (KSOP). The results indicate that the average vessel waiting time (WT) reached 8.35 hours, far exceeding the maximum standard of 1 hour, with only 1% of vessels meeting the required standard. Meanwhile, the average vessel approach time (AT) was recorded at 7.47 hours, surpassing the 3-hour threshold, with only 2% of vessels complying with the service standard. These findings reveal a significant deviation between actual port service performance and established operational standards. The main factors contributing to the prolonged WT and AT include limitations in the number of marine pilots and tugboats, high vessel traffic density, unfavorable weather conditions, and dredging activities along the navigation channel. The scientific contribution of this study is not merely evaluative but also provides an analytical foundation for planning improvements in port service capacity and operational efficiency, particularly through the optimization of pilotage and tugboat resources, vessel traffic management, and the adjustment of infrastructure capacity in response to the growth of vessel and container flows.