Identifikasi Pola Bakteri Aerob dan Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik di Ruang UGD dan Kamar Operasi RSIA Kirana Manado - Hompas, Sania G. H.; Homenta, Heriyannis; Waworuntu, Olivia A. (e-CliniC, 2026)
Abstract: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are infections acquired during healthcare delivery, primarily caused by aerobic bacteria. Emergency rooms and operating rooms pose high HAI risks due to vulnerable patients and invasive procedures. This study aimed to determine aerobic bacterial patterns and antibiotic sensitivity in the emergency room and operating room of RSIA Kirana Manado. This was an observational and cross-sectional. There were 24 samples collected from walls, floors, air, medical equipment and non-medical equipment (14 from emergency room, 10 from operating room). Bacterial identification utilized nutrient agar and MacConkey agar culture, Gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test, and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity testing employed disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar against 11 antibiotics. The results showed that emergency room samples yielded 14 colonies on nutrient agar with no MacConkey growth. All were Gram-positive: Bacillus sp. (78.6%), Staphylococcus sp. (14.3%), and Streptococcus sp. (7.1%). Operating room samples produced nine colonies: Bacillus sp. (55.6%) and Staphylococcus sp. (44.4%). High sensitivity was observed for sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (90.9-100%), ciprofloxacin (90.9-100%), and meropenem (80-90.9%), while high resistance occurred with aztreonam (100%) and cefepime (54.5-60%). In conclusion, three bacterial genera were identified: Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus sp., showing high sensitivity to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem, but resistance to aztreonam and cefepime. Keywords: aerobic bacterial pattern identification; antibiotic sensitivity test; emergency room; operating room   Abstrak: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) merupakan infeksi yang didapat pasien selama perawatan di rumah sakit, terutama disebabkan bakteri aerob. Ruang UGD dan kamar operasi memiliki risiko tinggi HAIs karena pasien rentan dan prosedur invasif. Penelitian inin bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bakteri aerob dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik di ruang UGD dan kamar operasi RSIA Kirana Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 24 sampel dikumpulkan dari dinding, lantai, udara, peralatan medis dan peralatan non-medis (14 dari UGD, 10 dari kamar operasi). Identifikasi bakteri menggunakan kultur Nutrient Agar dan MacConkey Agar, pewarnaan Gram, uji katalase, koagulase, dan biokimia. Uji sensitivitas antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada Mueller-Hinton Agar terhadap 11 jenis antibiotik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan sampel UGD menghasilkan 14 koloni pada Nutrient Agar tanpa pertumbuhan pada MacConkey. Semua bakteri Gram positif: Bacillus sp. (78,6%), Staphylococcus sp. (14,3%), dan Streptococcus sp. (7,1%). Sampel kamar operasi menghasilkan sembilan koloni: Bacillus sp. (55,6%) dan Staphylococcus sp. (44,4%). Sensitivitas tinggi terhadap sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (90,9-100%), ciprofloxacin (90,9-100%), dan meropenem (80-90,9%), namun resistan terhadap aztreonam (100%) dan cefepime (54,5-60%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ditemukan tiga genus bakteri (Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., dan Streptococcus sp.) dengan sensitivitas tinggi terhadap sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, dan meropenem, namun resistan terhadap aztreonam dan cefepime. Kata kunci: identifikasi pola bakteri aerob; uji sensitivitas antibiotik; ruang UGD; kamar operasi