Analisis Penurunan Perkara Dispensasi Kawin yang Dikabulkan di Pengadilan Agama Cirebon - Sofie Purwanti; Encep Abdul Rojak; Fahmi Fatwa Rosyadi Satria Hamdani (Jurnal Riset Hukum Keluarga Islam, 2025)
Abstrak. Perkawinan di bawah umur masih sering terjadi meskipun Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 telah menaikkan usia minimal menjadi 19 tahun. Fenomena ini memicu banyak permohonan dispensasi kawin, termasuk di Pengadilan Agama Cirebon. Namun, pada tahun 2024 jumlah permohonan yang dikabulkan menurun drastis dibanding tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertimbangan hakim dalam menetapkan dispensasi kawin serta menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab penurunan perkara. Kerangka pemikiran penelitian merujuk pada Al-Qur’an, Hadis, Qawaid Fiqhiyyah, dan teori Maqashid Syari’ah yang menekankan kemaslahatan dan pencegahan mudarat. Metode penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis-empiris, melalui studi pustaka, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan hakim serta pihak terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permohonan umumnya didasari kekhawatiran pelanggaran norma agama akibat hubungan di luar nikah. Penurunan perkara yang dikabulkan disebabkan meningkatnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat, penerapan syarat administratif yang ketat sesuai PERMA No. 5 Tahun 2019, serta intensifnya edukasi pemerintah. Simpulan penelitian menyatakan bahwa hakim kini lebih selektif dengan mempertimbangkan usia, kesiapan psikologis, kesehatan, dan ekonomi calon mempelai demi menjaga kemaslahatan anak. Abstract. Underage marriage still occurs frequently despite Law No. 16 of 2019 raising the minimum age to 19 years. This phenomenon has led to numerous requests for marriage dispensations, including at the Cirebon Religious Court. However, in 2024, the number of approved requests decreased significantly compared to previous years. This study aims to determine the judges' considerations in granting marriage dispensations and to analyze the factors causing the decline in cases. The research framework refers to the Qur'an, Hadith, Qawaid Fiqhiyyah, and the theory of Maqashid Syari'ah, which emphasizes public interest and the prevention of harm. The research method is qualitative with a legal-empirical approach, through literature review, documentation, and interviews with judges and related parties. The results of the study indicate that applications are generally based on concerns about violating religious norms due to extramarital relationships. The decrease in approved cases is attributed to increased legal awareness among the public, the strict application of administrative requirements in accordance with PERMA No. 5 of 2019, and intensive government education. The study concludes that judges are now more selective, considering the age, psychological readiness, health, and economic status of prospective spouses to safeguard the welfare of children.