Pengaruh kerapatan vegetasi dan bangunan terhadap Fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI) di Kota Banjarmasin (2019 – 2024) - Kevin Anugrah Immanuel Tambun; Deasy Arisanty; Aswin Nur Saputra; Parida Angriani; Muhammad Muhaimin (Majalah Geografi Indonesia, 2026)
Abstrak. Fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI) menjadi isu penting dalam pengelolaan kota, seperti di Kota Banjarmasin. Kajian ini terjadi akibat berkurangnya tutupan vegetasi dan meningkatnya kerapatan bangunan, yang berdampak terhadap peningkatan suhu permukaan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh kerapatan vegetasi dan kerapatan bangunan terhadap fenomena UHI di Kota Banjarmasin. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis keruangan dan analisis statistik, pada analisis keruangan mengolah tingkat kerapatan vegetasi dan bangunan, dan distribusi suhu permukaan di Kota Banjarmasin, analisis statistik menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Data diperoleh dari citra satelit Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS pada musim kemarau, data diambil pada tanggal berbeda tiap tahun: 29 (2019), 17 September (2020), 31 Mei (2021), 21 Juli (2022), 2 September (2023), dan 20 September (2024). Kemudian diolah menjadi tiga indeks: LST sebagai variabel dependen, serta SAVI dan NDBI sebagai variabel independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan bangunan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kenaikan suhu permukaan, sedangkan kerapatan vegetasi berpengaruh negatif dalam menurunkan suhu. Nilai R Square dalam lima tahun sebesar 0,555 menunjukkan seberapa besar suhu permukaan dipengaruhi SAVI dan NDBI. Persamaan regresi dalam lima tahun adalah Y = 25,938 – 3,973X₁ + 11,874X₂, menunjukkan bahwa setiap peningkatan kerapatan bangunan satuan indeks dapat meningkatkan suhu permukaan sebesar 11,87°C. Peningkatan kerapatan bangunan terbukti menaikkan suhu permukaan sebesar 11,87°C, sedangkan peningkatan vegetasi menurunkannya sebesar 3,97°C. Nilai koefisien perlu disesuaikan dengan skala indeks agar hasil lebih valid dan representatif. Temuan ini menegaskan peran vegetasi sebagai elemen utama mitigasi efek pulau panas perkotaan. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan memasukkan variabel spasial seperti kelembapan tanah, topografi, dan orientasi bangunan. Hasil ini menjadi dasar ilmiah bagi perencanaan kota berkelanjutan yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim.Abstract.. The Urban Heat Island phenomenon has become an important issue in urban management, such as in Banjarmasin City. This phenomenon occurs due to the reduction of vegetation cover and the increase in building density, which affects the rise of land surface temperature. The purpose of this study is to analyze how vegetation density and building density influence the UHI phenomenon in Banjarmasin City. The analyses used are spatial analysis and statistical analysis. The spatial analysis processes the levels of vegetation and building density as well as the distribution of surface temperature in Banjarmasin City, while the statistical analysis employs multiple linear regression. Data were obtained from Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS satellite imagery during the dry season, collected on different dates each year: 29 (2019), September 17 (2020), May 31 (2021), July 21 (2022), September 2 (2023), and September 20 (2024). The data were then processed into three indices: LST as the dependent variable, and SAVI and NDBI as the independent variables. The results show that building density has a significant positive effect on the increase of surface temperature, while vegetation density has a negative effect in reducing temperature. The R Square value over five years, amounting to 0.555, indicates the extent to which surface temperature is influenced by SAVI and NDBI. The five-year regression equation is Y = 25.938 – 3.973X₁ + 11.874X₂, showing that every unit increase in building density index can raise the surface temperature by 11.87°C. Increased building density has been proven to elevate surface temperature by 11.87°C, while increased vegetation density reduces it by 3.97°C. The coefficient values need to be adjusted according to the index scale to ensure more valid and representative results. These findings reaffirm the role of vegetation as a key element in mitigating the urban heat island effect. Further research is recommended to include spatial variables such as soil moisture, topography, and building orientation. These results serve as a scientific basis for sustainable urban planning that is adaptive to climate change.Submitted: 2025-08-05 Revisions:  2025-10-24  Accepted: 2026-02-01 Published: 2026-02-05