Rekontruksi Model Restorative Justice Berbasis Peradilan dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia - Yusuf, Hudi; Fahlevie, Rinaldi Agusta; Chrisbiantoro, Chrisbiantoro (Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum, 2025)
The paradigmatic shift in criminal law from a retributive approach toward restorative justice has encouraged the adoption of various sectoral policies by law enforcement agencies in Indonesia. However, the implementation of restorative justice outside judicial mechanisms through Police and Prosecution Service regulations raises fundamental legal issues within the framework of criminal procedural law. This study aims to analyze the position of restorative justice within the Indonesian criminal justice system, examine the normative conflict between the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and Police regulations, and formulate a court-based restorative justice model consistent with the rule of law. This research employs normative legal research methods using statutory, conceptual, and doctrinal approaches. The findings indicate that the practice of restorative justice outside the judicial process not only fails to ensure legal certainty and finality in case resolution but also has the potential to obscure the distribution of authority among law enforcement institutions and weaken the system of checks and balances within the integrated criminal justice system. Therefore, restorative justice should be reconstructed as an integral part of criminal judicial proceedings by placing restorative agreements under judicial supervision and incorporating them into court decisions. Theoretically, this study contributes to the rearticulation of restorative justice within criminal procedural law, while practically providing institutional implications for strengthening the role of the judiciary in national criminal law reform and the criminal justice system.ABSTRAKPergeseran paradigma hukum pidana dari pendekatan retributif menuju restorative justice telah mendorong lahirnya berbagai kebijakan sektoral aparat penegak hukum di Indonesia. Namun, implementasi restorative justice yang dilakukan di luar mekanisme peradilan melalui Peraturan Kepolisian dan Peraturan Kejaksaan menimbulkan persoalan yuridis mendasar dalam kerangka hukum acara pidana. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan restorative justice dalam sistem hukum pidana Indonesia, mengkaji konflik normatif antara KUHAP dan Peraturan Kepolisian, serta merumuskan model restorative justice berbasis peradilan yang selaras dengan prinsip negara hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan doktrinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik restorative justice di luar peradilan tidak hanya gagal menjamin kepastian hukum dan finalitas penyelesaian perkara, tetapi juga berpotensi mengaburkan batas kewenangan antar lembaga penegak hukum serta melemahkan mekanisme checks and balances dalam sistem peradilan pidana terpadu. Oleh karena itu, restorative justice harus direkonstruksi sebagai bagian integral dari proses peradilan pidana dengan menempatkan kesepakatan restoratif di bawah pengawasan hakim dan dituangkan dalam putusan pengadilan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi secara teoretis terhadap penataan ulang konsep restorative justice dalam hukum acara pidana, serta secara praktis memberikan implikasi kelembagaan bagi penguatan peran pengadilan dalam pembaruan hukum pidana dan sistem peradilan pidana nasional.