Gambaran Tipe dan Hambatan Pola Asuh Orang Tua pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Samarinda: A Description of Parenting Styles and Obstacles Faced by Parents of Children with Special Needs at the State Special School (SLB) Samarinda - Dawasoette, Astry Aulia Bahar; Nugrahayu, Eka Yuni; Rahma, Khairunnida (Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, 2026)
Children with Special Needs (CWSN) are individuals who experience physical, cognitive, emotional, or social developmental limitations, requiring appropriate parenting and educational support. Parents of Children with Special Needs often face various challenges in the caregiving process, both internal and external. This study aimed to describe parental parenting styles and the barriers encountered in caring for Children with Special Needs at the State Special School (SLB) Samarinda. A descriptive quantitative design was applied using a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 62 parents of Children with Special Needs, supported by in-depth interviews to enrich quantitative findings. Data analysis was conducted univariately and presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. The results showed that all respondents applied a democratic parenting style. Most parents did not experience significant caregiving barriers; however, internal challenges such as stress, emotional pressure, and impatience were still identified. External barriers were relatively limited, although family instability and time constraints remained potential factors influencing caregiving effectiveness. These findings suggest that, despite the consistent application of democratic parenting, strengthening parental capacity through education and support remains essential to optimize caregiving for children with special needs. Keywords:          Children with Special Needs, Parenting Challenges, Parents, Parenting Styles   Abstrak Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) merupakan individu yang mengalami hambatan dalam perkembangan fisik, kognitif, emosional, dan sosial sehingga memerlukan pengasuhan yang sesuai. Orang tua sebagai pengasuh utama sering menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam proses pengasuhan ABK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tipe pola asuh orang tua serta hambatan yang dialami dalam mengasuh ABK di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Negeri Samarinda. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner kepada 62 orang tua ABK, serta dilengkapi dengan wawancara mendalam sebagai data pendukung. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dengan penyajian dalam bentuk frekuensi, persentase, dan narasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh responden menerapkan tipe pola asuh demokratis. Sebagian besar orang tua tidak mengalami hambatan pengasuhan yang signifikan. Hambatan yang paling sering ditemukan berasal dari faktor internal, terutama stres dan tekanan emosional, serta hambatan kepribadian. Hambatan eksternal relatif jarang, namun ketidakstabilan keluarga dan keterbatasan waktu tetap berpotensi memengaruhi efektivitas pengasuhan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun orang tua ABK mampu menerapkan tipe pola asuh demokratis, dukungan edukasi dan penguatan kapasitas orang tua tetap diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan proses pengasuhan. Kata Kunci:         Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus, Hambatan Pengasuhan, Orang Tua, Tipe Pola Asuh