PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP RESEP KOPI “ASKARA COFFEE AND EATERY” DALAM PERSPEKTIF RAHASIA DAGANG - NIM. A1012211089, FEBE ANGELA RUMAHORBO (Jurnal Fatwa Hukum, 2026)
ABSTRAK Persaingan usaha di bidang Coffee Shop yang semakin ketat menjadikan resep kopi sebagai salah satu aset tidak berwujud yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan berperan penting dalam menentukan keberlangsungan suatu usaha. Resep kopi yang memiliki cita rasa khas dan berbeda dari pesaing berpotensi menjadi keunggulan kompetitif yang perlu dilindungi secara hukum. Askara Coffee and Eatery sebagai salah satu Coffee Shop di Kota Pontianak memiliki racikan resep kopi khas yang dijaga kerahasiaannya dan menjadi daya tarik utama bagi konsumen. Namun, keterlibatan karyawan dalam proses produksi membuka peluang terjadinya kebocoran informasi bisnis, khususnya resep kopi. Oleh karena itu, perlindungan hukum terhadap resep kopi sebagai Rahasia Dagang menjadi hal yang penting untuk mencegah terjadinya peniruan, persaingan usaha tidak sehat, serta kerugian ekonomi bagi pemilik usaha. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perlindungan hukum terhadap resep kopi Askara Coffee and Eatery dalam perspektif Rahasia Dagang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2000 tentang Rahasia Dagang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis sosiologis dengan sifat deskriptif. Pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan mengkaji ketentuan hukum yang berlaku sekaligus menelaah penerapannya dalam praktik di lapangan. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung dengan pemilik Askara Coffee and Eatery, karyawan barista, pelanggan, serta pegawai Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum Kalimantan Barat. Selain itu, pengumpulan data primer juga dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada karyawan barista yang terlibat langsung dalam proses peracikan minuman. Data sekunder diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan yang meliputi peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal ilmiah, serta hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Seluruh data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan metode analitis untuk memperoleh gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai perlindungan Rahasia Dagang terhadap resep kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa resep kopi Askara Coffee and Eatery memenuhi unsur-unsur Rahasia Dagang sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2000, yaitu bersifat rahasia, memiliki nilai ekonomi, dan dijaga kerahasiaannya melalui upaya yang layak. Pemilik usaha telah menerapkan langkah-langkah perlindungan hukum secara preventif, antara lain dengan pembatasan akses terhadap resep, penerapan perjanjian kerahasiaan (Non-Disclosure Agreement/NDA) dalam perjanjian kerja, serta pengawasan dan pelatihan karyawan. Selain itu, upaya represif juga disiapkan apabila terjadi pelanggaran Rahasia Dagang, baik melalui penyelesaian internal maupun langkah hukum sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Dengan demikian, perlindungan hukum terhadap resep kopi Askara Coffee and Eatery sebagai Rahasia Dagang telah dilaksanakan secara cukup efektif, meskipun masih diperlukan peningkatan kesadaran hukum dan sosialisasi kepada karyawan guna meminimalkan risiko pelanggaran di masa mendatang. Kata Kunci: Rahasia Dagang, Resep, Perlindungan Hukum. ABSTRACT Increasing competition in the coffee shop industry has positioned coffee recipes as valuable intangible assets with high economic value and a crucial role in sustaining business continuity. A distinctive coffee recipe that offers a unique taste can serve as a competitive advantage that requires legal protection. Askara Coffee and Eatery, a coffee shop located in Pontianak City, possesses a unique coffee recipe that is carefully maintained as confidential and functions as the main attraction for customers. However, employee involvement in the production process creates potential risks of information leakage, particularly concerning confidential recipes. Therefore, legal protection of coffee recipes as Trade Secrets is essential to prevent imitation, unfair competition, and potential economic losses for business owners. This research focuses on the legal protection of Askara Coffee and Eatery’s coffee recipe from the perspective of Trade Secret law under Law Number 30 of 2000 on Trade Secrets. This study employs a juridical-sociological research method with a descriptive nature. The approach combines an analysis of applicable legal regulations with an examination of their implementation in real business practices. The data used consist of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with the owner of Askara Coffee and Eatery, barista employees, customers, and officials from the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law of West Kalimantan. In addition, questionnaires were distributed to barista employees who are directly involved in the coffee-making process. Secondary data were collected through literature studies, including laws and regulations, books, academic journals, and relevant previous research. All data were analyzed qualitatively using an analytical approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of the protection of coffee recipes as Trade Secrets. The results of the study indicate that the coffee recipe of Askara Coffee and Eatery fulfills the essential elements of a Trade Secret as stipulated in Law Number 30 of 2000, namely confidentiality, economic value, and reasonable efforts to maintain secrecy. The business owner has implemented preventive legal measures, including limiting access to confidential information, applying Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) within employment contracts, and conducting employee supervision and training. Furthermore, repressive measures are also prepared in the event of a Trade Secret violation, either through internal resolution mechanisms or legal actions in accordance with applicable laws. Thus, the legal protection of Askara Coffee and Eatery’s coffee recipe as a Trade Secret has been implemented effectively, although further improvement in legal awareness and employee education is still required to minimize the risk of future violations. Keywords: Trade Secret, Recipe, Legal Protection.