Hak atas Pemulihan Korban Pelanggaran Berat HAM di Indonesia dan Kaitannya dengan Prinsip Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Hukum Internasional - Sujatmoko, Andrey (PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 2016)
Salah satu karakteristik negara hukum mensyaratkan adanya perlindungan hak asasi manusia dan UUD 1945 menyatakan hal itu secara eksplisit. Oleh karena itu, pelanggaran berat HAM akan bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. Pelanggaran berat HAM seringkali meninggalkan masalah kemanusiaan, antara lain berupa korban dalam skala besar yang lazimnya baru dapat teridentifikasi setelah pelanggaran berakhir dan hal itu pun terjadi di Indonesia. Hingga saat ini Indonesia masih abai terhadap para korban, meskipun sesungguhnya mereka memiliki hak atas pemulihan yang dijamin hukum internasional. Berdasarkan prinsip tanggung jawab negara, Indonesia secara hukum wajib melakukan pemulihan terhadap para korban. Langkah pemulihan dapat diawali dengan membentuk Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi. Melalui kewenangannya, KKR dapat melakukan identifikasi dan investigasi para korban, lalu mempublikasikan hasil serta memberikan rekomendasi kepada pemerintah terkait model pemulihan berupa kompensasi, restitusi, dan rehabilitasi bagi para korban. Pemberian sejumlah uang, pengembalian hak, kedudukan, pekerjaan dan pelayanan kesehatan gratis adalah beberapa langkah konkretnya. Di samping itu, negara harus melakukan proses hukum terhadap para pelaku utama yang terkait. The Right to Reparation of Gross Violations of Human Rights Victims in Indonesia and Its Relation with the Principle of State Responsibility in International Law AbstractThe existing protection of human rights is one of the characteristic of rule of law and it is explicitly stated in the Indonesian Constitution 1945. Accordingly, gross violations of human rights will be incompatible with the said Constitution. Gross violations of human rights have frequently left humanitarian problems behind such as victims in a large scale which commonly could only be identified when the violation ended, this problem has also occurred in Indonesia. Until today, those victims have been ignored by Indonesia, although they have the right to reparation which is guaranteed by international law. Based on the principle of state responsibility, Indonesia has legal obligation to conduct reparation to the victims concerned. The measure of reparation can be started by establishing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Through its competence, TRC will be able to conduct identification and investigation for the victims, to publish the result, and also to address recommendation to the government regarding the reparation models, such as compensation, restitution, and rehabilitation to the victims. Granting sum of money; reestablishing right, status, employment and free health service are some practical measures of reparation. Furthermore, the government should also conduct judicial process to the main perpetrators concerned.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3n2.a6