Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak dan Antihiperpigmentasi Serum Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) sebagai Inhibitor Enzim Tirosinase - Fatimah Zahra; Arini Khaerunnisa; Dhyneu Dwi Jayantie; Eva Vauziah; Irfan Iryana (Journal of Pharmascience, 2025)
Melanin merupakan pigmen utama yang memiliki fungsi melindungi kulit dari kerusakan akibat paparan sinar ultraviolet. Sintesis melanin berlebih dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hiperpigmentasi. Kandungan utama dalam biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill) adalah katekin yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor enzim tirosinase. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat formulasi sediaan serum ekstrak biji P.americana Mill dan mengetahui bagaimana aktivitas penghambat enzim tirosinase. Sampel Biji P.americana di maserasi dengan etanol 70%. Diformulasi dengan tiga formula yaitu F0 sebagai basis, F1 formula dengan 50x nilai antioksidan, dan F2 formula dengan 100x nilai antioksidan. Uji stabilitas sediaan dilakukan selama 28 hari uji stabilitas sediaan meliputi uji organoleptis, viskositas, pH, daya sebar, dan homogenitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan %rendemen ekstrak sebesar 13,168%. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak Biji P. americana mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid dan alkaloid. Ekstrak biji P. americana memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 22,26 ppm. Pengujian stabilitas sediaan serum ekstrak biji P. americana memiliki stabilitas yang baik. Aktivitas inhibisi enzim tirosinase F0, F1, F2 dan serum komersial memiliki nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 3274, 3585, 2809 dan 2165 ppm. Aktivitas inhibisi enzim tirosinase sediaan serum ekstrak biji P. americana mempunyai nilai IC50 yang paling baik berada pada sediaan serum dengan formula 100x nilai antioksidan. Kata Kunci: Alpukat, Antioksidan, Hiperpigmentasi, Serum, Tirosinase Melanin is the main pigment that has the main function of protecting the skin from damage due to ultraviolet exposure, excess melanin synthesis can lead to the occurrence of hyperpigmentation. The main ingredients in Avocado Seeds (Persea americana Mill) are catechins which have potential as tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors. The aim in this study was to create a formulation of P. americana Mill seed extract serum preparation and to find out how tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor activity in P. americana seed extract serum preparations. A sample of P. americana seed was macerated with 70% ethanol. It is then formulated with three formulas namely F0 as the base, F1 formula with 50x the antioxidant value, and F2 formula with 100x the antioxidant value. A preparation stability test was performed over a 28-day preparation stability test covering organoleptic, viscosity, pH, dispersibility, and homogeneity assays. The tyrosinase enzyme inhibition assay was analyzed in vitro. Results of phytochemical screening of P. americana seed extract contain flavonoid group compounds, tannins, saponins, steroids and alkaloids. P. americana Seed Extract has an IC50 value of 22.26 ppm. Stability testing of serum preparation P. americana Seed extract has good stability. The inhibitory activity of tyrosinase enzyme F0, F1, F2 and commercial serum had IC50 values of 3274, 3585, 2809 and 2165 ppm respectively. The inhibitory activity of tyrosinase enzyme of serum preparation of P. americana seed extract had the best IC50 value in serum preparation with formula 100x antioxidant value.