Hubungan kadar kolesterol dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia: The relationship between cholesterol levels and hypertension among the elderly - St. Umrah Maulia; Hasbullah; Zakariyati (Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 2025)
Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama pada kelompok lanjut usia (lansia) yang berkontribusi signifikan terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas kardiovaskular. Salah satu faktor risiko biologis yang berperan penting dalam patofisiologi hipertensi adalah peningkatan kadar kolesterol total yang memicu aterosklerosis dan peningkatan resistensi vaskular perifer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kadar kolesterol dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia di Poliklinik Kesehatan Monginsidi 14.09.02 Kesdam XIV/Hasanuddin. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 54 lansia peserta Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) yang dipilih melalui teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total menggunakan Point of Care Testing (POCT) terkalibrasi dan pengukuran tekanan darah oleh tenaga medis. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mengontrol variabel usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar kolesterol dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia (p < 0,001). Lansia dengan kadar kolesterol risiko sedang memiliki risiko hipertensi 3,15 kali lebih tinggi (OR = 3,15; 95% CI: 1,05–9,45), sedangkan lansia dengan kadar kolesterol risiko tinggi memiliki risiko 6,82 kali lebih tinggi (OR = 6,82; 95% CI: 2,30–20,12) dibandingkan lansia dengan kadar kolesterol normal. Pentingnya pengendalian profil lipid sebagai bagian integral dari manajemen hipertensi pada layanan kesehatan primer, khususnya dalam program Prolanis. Hypertension is a major health problem among the elderly and contributes significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One important biological risk factor involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension is elevated total cholesterol levels, which promote atherosclerosis and increase peripheral vascular resistance. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between cholesterol levels and the incidence of hypertension among elderly individuals at the Monginsidi Health Polyclinic 14.09.02, Kesdam XIV/Hasanuddin. This study employed a non-experimental quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 54 elderly participants enrolled in the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis), selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through measurements of total cholesterol levels using calibrated Point of Care Testing (POCT) devices and blood pressure assessments conducted by medical personnel. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, while multivariate analysis employed logistic regression to control for age, sex, education, and occupation. The results showed a significant association between cholesterol levels and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly (p < 0.001). Elderly individuals with moderate-risk cholesterol levels had a 3.15-fold higher risk of hypertension (OR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.05–9.45), while those with high-risk cholesterol levels had a 6.82-fold higher risk (OR = 6.82; 95% CI: 2.30–20.12) compared with elderly individuals with normal cholesterol levels. These findings highlight the importance of lipid profile control as an integral component of hypertension management in primary healthcare services, particularly within the Prolanis program.