Immunoekspresi Galectin-3 sebagai Petanda Pembeda antara Lesi Jinak dan Ganas Tiroid - Winny N Leiwakabessy; Truly D Dasril; Djumadi Achmad Achmad; Rina Masadah (Majalah Patologi Indonesia, 2013)
ABSTRAK Latar belakang Tumor ganas tiroid merupakan salah satu dari beberapa jenis keganasan yang masih menjadi dilema bagi para klinisi dalam mendiagnosa. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) adalah salah satu metoda diagnostik yang penting dalam menilai nodul pada kelenjar tiroid. Namun pada sebagian besar kasus, diagnosa tumor ganas tiroid masih belum dapat ditegakkan secara pasti. Galectin-3 adalah molekul protein 31-kDa yang tergolong dalam Ã¯ÂÂ¢-galactoside binding family of lectins. Galectin-3 terlibat dalam berbagai proses biologik. seperti adhesi antar sel, proliferasi, transformasi maligna, dan metastasis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai peranan ekspresi galectin-3 dalam membedakan lesi jinak dan ganas pada kelenjar tiroid. Metode Dilakukan pemeriksaan immunohistokimia untuk menilai ekspresi galectin-3 pada 80 sediaan lesi kelenjar tiroid (20 nodular goiter, 20 adenoma folikuler, 20 karsinoma folikuler, dan 20 karsinoma papiler). Hasil Seluruh sediaan karsinoma folikuler dan papiler memberikan hasil positif untuk galectin-3 (100%). Sementara hanya 1/20 (5%) sediaan nodular goiter dan 3/20 (15%) sediaan adenoma folikuler yang memberikan hasil positif pada galectin-3. Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara lesi jinak dan ganas (p=0,0001). Sensitivitas galectin-3 untuk diagnosa lesi maligna adalah 100% dengan spesifitas 90%. Nilai prediksi positif dan negatif adalah 90,9% dan 100%. Kesimpulan Ekspresi galectin-3 memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi pada lesi maligna kelenjar tiroid. Oleh karena itu, ekspresi immunohistokimia galectin-3 dapat digunakan sebagai petanda tambahan dalam membedakan lesi jinak dan lesi ganas kelenjar tiroid. Kata kunci: Galectin-3, lesi jinak tiroid, lesi ganas tiroid, immunohistokimia. ABSTRACT Background Thyroid cancer represents one of the few cancer types that remains a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) represents the critical initial diagnostic test used for evaluation of thyroid nodules. However, diagnosis of thyroid cancer still remains uncertain in a large number of cases. Galectin-3 is a 31-kDa protein that is a member of the endogenous Ã¯ÂÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œgalactoside binding family of lectins. It appears to be involved with the several cell functions, including cell adhesion, proliferation, malignant transformation, and metastasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate galectin-3 expression in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions of thyroid. Methods Expression of galectin-3 in a series of 80 thyroid lesion specimens (20 nodular goiters, 20 follicular adenomas, 20 follicular carcinomas and 20 papillary carcinomas) were investigated using immunohistochemically in order to differentiate benign lesions and malignant lesions. Results All specimens of follicular carcinoma and papillary carcinoma were positive for galectin-3 (100%). Meanwhile, only 1/20 (5%) of nodular goiter and 3/20 (15%) of follicular adenoma specimens were positive for galectin-3. Significant difference was found between the benign and malignant lesions (p= 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of galectin-3 staining were 100%, 90%, 90.9% and 100%, respectively. Significant differences were also found between the subgroups of benign and malignant lesions (pÃ¯â€šÂ£0.05) Conclusion Galectin-3 staining is highly sensitive for malignancy thyroid lesions. Galectin-3 immunostaining could be useful as an adjunct to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid lesions. Key words: Galectin-3, benign thyroid lesions, malignant thyroid lesion, immunohistochemistry.