ASPEK HUKUM JUAL BELI TANAH ADAT DI TONGKONAN BALIU’ TORAJA UTARA - Vegi Vineria; Zulkifli Makkawaru; Abdurrifai Abdurrifai (Clavia, 2025)
Penelitian ini mengkaji masalah jual beli tanah adat di Tongkonan Baliu’, Toraja Utara, di mana sering terjadi konflik karena adanya penjualan tanah adat kepada pihak luar tanpa prosedur adat yang sah. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif normatif dengan studi lapangan di Desa Tadongkon (Tongkonan Baliu’) meliputi wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku adat dan tinjauan pustaka perundang-undangan. Hasil utama penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah adat Tongkonan Baliu’ bersifat milik bersama (komunal) dan tidak dapat diperjualbelikan sepihak tanpa persetujuan kolektif masyarakat adat. Bukti kepemilikan lebih mengedepankan legitimasi sosial-spiritual melalui saksi tetua adat daripada bukti tertulis semata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelanggaran norma adat berdampak hukum nyata, yaitu transaksi batal secara adat dan penerapan sanksi sosial. Secara normatif, jual beli tanah adat hanya sah jika memenuhi ketentuan hukum adat sekaligus hukum positif. This study examines the issue of customary land sales in Tongkonan Baliu', North Toraja, where conflicts frequently arise due to the sale of customary land to outsiders without proper customary procedures. The method used is a qualitative normative approach, with fieldwork in Tadongkon Village (Tongkonan Baliu') involving in-depth interviews with customary leaders and a literature review of legislation. The main findings of the study indicate that customary land in Tongkonan Baliu' is communally owned and cannot be traded unilaterally without the collective consent of the customary community. Proof of ownership prioritizes socio-spiritual legitimacy through witnesses from customary elders rather than written evidence alone. The results show that violations of customary norms have real legal consequences, namely invalidating transactions according to customary law and imposing social sanctions. Normatively, customary land sales are only valid if they comply with both customary and positive law.