ANALISIS KRIMINOLOGI TERHADAP RESIDIVIS PENCURIAN KENDARAAN SEPEDA MOTOR DI KOTA PONTIANAK - NIM. A1011201198, GIONALDO HUTAGAOL (Jurnal Fatwa Hukum, 2026)
Abstract Criminology is a discipline that studies crime as a social phenomenon, including its causes, impacts, and methods of prevention. From the criminological perspective, the phenomenon of recidivism, particularly the repetition of motorcycle theft, becomes an important issue as it reflects the failure of rehabilitation processes and the weak social reintegration of former inmates. In Pontianak City, cases of motorcycle theft recidivists continue to occur even after offenders have served their sentences, indicating that punishment alone does not provide sufficient deterrence. Data from the Pontianak Police Department and Class II A Correctional Facility reveal a trend of repeated motorcycle theft by the same offenders, raising criminological concerns that require further analysis. The research problems in this study include: what criminological factors contribute to motorcycle theft recidivism? how do recidivists operate their modus operandi? and what effective and efficient strategies can be applied for countermeasures? Based on these questions, this research aims to identify the causes of motorcycle theft recidivism, analyze the crime patterns carried out by offenders, and formulate relevant countermeasures through the perspective of Edwin H. Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory. The research method used is empirical legal research with a descriptive-explanatory approach. Primary data were collected through interviews with police officers, correctional officers, and recidivist inmates, while secondary data were obtained from literature studies. The analysis was conducted qualitatively, emphasizing causal relationships between social and environmental factors and repeated criminal behavior. The findings indicate that motorcycle theft recidivism is influenced by weak social reintegration, limited access to employment, peer group influence, the circulation of black markets for stolen vehicles, and the normalization of deviant behavior within certain communities. The modus operandi commonly employed by recidivists includes the use of T-keys, disguising themselves as parking attendants, and collaborating with fencing networks. Countermeasures cannot rely solely on repressive approaches but require comprehensive strategies involving enhanced correctional rehabilitation programs, stricter supervision of black markets, economic empowerment initiatives, and post-release social assistance. Keywords: Criminology, Recidivism Motorcycle Theft, Differential Association Theory Abstrak Kriminologi merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari kejahatan sebagai gejala sosial, termasuk penyebab, dampak, serta cara penanggulangannya. Dalam perspektif kriminologi, fenomena residivisme atau pengulangan tindak pidana pencurian sepeda motor menjadi salah satu isu penting karena menunjukkan adanya kegagalan proses rehabilitasi dan lemahnya integrasi sosial mantan narapidana. Di Kota Pontianak, kasus residivis pencurian kendaraan bermotor (curanmor) masih terjadi meskipun pelaku telah menjalani hukuman, yang berarti hukum belum sepenuhnya memberikan efek jera. Data dari Polresta Pontianak dan Lapas Kelas II A memperlihatkan adanya tren pengulangan tindak pidana curanmor oleh pelaku yang sama, sehingga memunculkan persoalan kriminologis yang perlu dianalisis lebih lanjut. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini meliputi: faktor-faktor kriminologi apa yang menyebabkan terjadinya residivisme curanmor?, bagaimana modus operandi yang digunakan residivis dalam menjalankan aksinya?, serta bagaimana strategi penanggulangan yang efektif dan efisien dapat diterapkan?. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab residivisme curanmor, menganalisis pola kejahatan yang dilakukan pelaku, serta merumuskan upaya penanggulangan yang relevan melalui perspektif Teori Diferensial Asosiasi Edwin H. Sutherland. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan sifat deskriptif eksplanatoris. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan aparat kepolisian, petugas lembaga pemasyarakatan, serta narapidana residivis. Data sekunder diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menekankan hubungan sebab-akibat antara faktor sosial, lingkungan, dan perilaku kriminal berulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa residivisme curanmor dipengaruhi oleh lemahnya reintegrasi sosial, keterbatasan akses pekerjaan, pengaruh kelompok sebaya, peredaran kendaraan bermotor, serta normalisasi perilaku menyimpang dalam komunitas tertentu. Modus operandi residivis umumnya meliputi penggunaan kunci T, penyamaran sebagai juru parkir, dan kerja sama dengan jaringan penadah. Upaya penanggulangan tidak cukup hanya dengan pendekatan represif, tetapi juga menuntut strategi komprehensif yang melibatkan peningkatan pembinaan di lapas, pengawasan, program pemberdayaan ekonomi, serta pendampingan sosial pasca-bebas. Kata kunci: Kriminologi, Residivisme Curanmor, Teori Diferensial Asosiasi