Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Kreditur dalam Jaminan BPKB Tanpa Pengalihan Objek - Muhammad Nur Heppy (Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Syariah, 2026)
Abstract. The collateral practice of retaining the BPKB (Motor Vehicle Ownership Certificate) without transferring the right of ownership at Syariah Pawnshops potentially creates legal vulnerability and difficulties for creditors in executing the collateral in the event of debtor default, due to the non-fulfillment of formal requirements for Pawn or Fiduciary Guarantees. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection for creditors in this practice at Bandung Syariah Pawnshop and examine its compatibility with Positive Law and the thought of Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. The conceptual framework of this research is based on the theory of legal protection for creditors and the concept of Rahn (pawn) contract in fiqh muamalah literature, specifically Wahbah Az Zuhaili's view on Rahn Tasjily (registered pawn) which permits collateral without physical surrender. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data was obtained through a case study at Bandung Syariah Pawnshop, collecting primary data via interviews and observation, and secondary data such as relevant documents, regulations, and legal literature. The research findings indicate that, implementatively, legal protection is carried out preventively (written contract and retention of the original BPKB) and repressively (warnings and vehicle withdrawal based on debtor's consent). Abstrak. Praktik jaminan berupa penahanan BPKB (Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor) tanpa adanya pengalihan objek kepemilikan di Pegadaian Syariah berpotensi menimbulkan kerentanan hukum dan kesulitan bagi kreditur untuk mengeksekusi jaminan apabila debitur melakukan wanprestasi, sebab tidak terpenuhinya syarat formal Jaminan Gadai maupun Jaminan Fidusia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur dalam praktik tersebut di Pegadaian Syariah Bandung serta menelaah kesesuaiannya dalam perspektif Hukum Positif dan pemikiran Wahbah Az Zuhaili. Kerangka pemikiran penelitian ini didasarkan pada teori perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur dan konsep akad Rahn (gadai) dalam literatur fiqih muamalah, khususnya pandangan Wahbah Az-Zuhaili mengenai gadai tercatat yang membolehkan jaminan tanpa penyerahan fisik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Data diperoleh melalui studi kasus di Pegadaian Syariah Bandung, dengan mengumpulkan data primer melalui wawancara dan observasi, serta data sekunder berupa dokumen, peraturan, dan literatur hukum terkait. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara implementatif, perlindungan hukum dilakukan secara preventif (akad tertulis dan penahanan BPKB asli) dan represif (peringatan dan penarikan kendaraan atas persetujuan debitur).