Implementasi Marpol Annex VI Regulation 14 dalam pembatasan emisi sulphur oxides (SOx) dan particulate matter melalui penggunaan bahan bakar rendah sulfur pada kapal AHTS Era Indonesia - Alvian Demaz Peramutya (Journal Marine Inside, 2026)
Transportasi laut merupakan sektor strategis yang berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi global, namun juga menjadi salah satu sumber emisi pencemar udara, khususnya Sulphur Oxides (SOx) dan Particulate Matter (PM). International Maritime Organization (IMO) melalui Marpol Annex VI Regulation 14 menetapkan batas maksimum kandungan sulfur bahan bakar kapal sebesar 0,50% m/m di luar Emission Control Area (ECA) sebagai upaya menekan emisi pencemar udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi Marpol Annex VI Regulation 14 pada kapal AHTS Era Indonesia serta mengevaluasi tingkat kepatuhan kapal terhadap ketentuan penggunaan bahan bakar rendah sulfur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi pustaka, observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan awak kapal, serta analisis dokumen bunker (Bunker Delivery Note). Data yang dianalisis meliputi jenis bahan bakar, kandungan sulfur, konsumsi bahan bakar, serta simulasi emisi hasil pembakaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh bahan bakar yang digunakan merupakan Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Low Sulphur dengan kandungan sulfur berkisar antara 0,07–0,11% m/m sehingga memenuhi batas maksimum yang ditetapkan Marpol Annex VI. Simulasi emisi menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kandungan sulfur dan beban mesin, semakin meningkat konsentrasi SO₂, SOx, dan Particulate Matter, meskipun masih berada pada tingkat yang terkendali. Implementasi regulasi didukung melalui pemeriksaan dokumen bunker, penyimpanan sampel bahan bakar, pencatatan konsumsi bahan bakar, serta pengawasan operasional mesin. Kendala utama meliputi keterbatasan ketersediaan bahan bakar rendah sulfur, tingginya biaya operasional, serta belum tersedianya pengukuran emisi secara kontinu. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bahan bakar rendah sulfur merupakan strategi paling efektif dalam mendukung kepatuhan terhadap Marpol Annex VI Regulation 14 pada kapal AHTS Era Indonesia.   Maritime transportation plays a strategic role in global trade but is also recognized as a significant contributor to air pollution through Sulphur Oxides (SOx) and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions. To mitigate these emissions, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced Marpol Annex VI Regulation 14, which limits the sulphur content of marine fuel to 0.50% m/m outside Emission Control Areas (ECAs). This study aims to analyze the implementation of MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14 on board AHTS Era Indonesia and evaluate the vessel's compliance with low-sulphur fuel requirements. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through literature review, onboard observation, crew interviews, and analysis of Bunker Delivery Notes (BDN). The analyzed data included fuel type, sulphur content, fuel consumption records, and simulated exhaust emission data. The findings indicate that all fuel used on board was Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Low Sulphur with sulphur content ranging from 0.07% to 0.11% m/m, well below the IMO limit of 0.50% m/m. Emission simulations demonstrate that increasing sulphur content and engine load lead to higher SO₂, SOx, and particulate matter emissions, although all values remained within acceptable operational conditions. Compliance was supported through systematic fuel documentation, fuel sample retention, fuel consumption recording, and machinery operational monitoring. Major challenges include the limited availability of low-sulphur fuel, increased operational costs, and the absence of continuous emission monitoring systems. The study concludes that the adoption of low-sulphur fuel remains the most practical and effective strategy for ensuring compliance with Marpol Annex VI Regulation 14 aboard AHTS Era Indonesia.