PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TERHADAP PROSESPENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA NARKOBA DI SATUAN RESERSE NARKOBA KEPOLISIAN RESOR BULUKUMBA - Hermansyah Hermansyah; Ruslan Renggong; Waspada Santing (Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law, 2025)
Permasalahan penyalahgunaan narkotika di Indonesia masih menjadi isu serius karena dampaknya yang bersifat multidimensional, mulai dari kesehatan masyarakat, kerentanan sosial, hingga ancaman terhadap stabilitas keamanan nasional. Model penegakan hukum yang selama ini lebih bersifat retributif dinilai belum mampu memberikan efek jera secara optimal dan justru memperburuk kondisi pelaku yang seharusnya mendapatkan rehabilitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan pendekatan Restorative Justice dalam proses penyidikan tindak pidana narkotika di Satuan Reserse Narkoba Kepolisian Resor Bulukumba, serta mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor yang menjadi penghambat dalam implementasinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi pustaka, observasi, serta wawancara dengan penyidik, pemangku kebijakan, dan pihak terkait lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Restorative Justice telah dilakukan dengan merujuk pada Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 8 Tahun 2021, terutama untuk kategori pelaku penyalahguna dengan barang bukti terbatas. Proses penyidikan diarahkan pada asesmen terpadu, mediasi penal, rehabilitasi medis dan sosial, serta pemusnahan barang bukti secara transparan. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan ini berdampak positif terhadap penurunan angka residivisme, peningkatan kepercayaan publik terhadap institusi kepolisian, serta terbentuknya sinergi antarlembaga, termasuk Badan Narkotika Nasional, lembaga rehabilitasi, dan pemerintah daerah. Meskipun demikian, terdapat sejumlah kendala, seperti keterbatasan pemahaman aparat mengenai konsep Restorative Justice, minimnya fasilitas rehabilitasi, serta resistensi internal dan sosial akibat anggapan bahwa pendekatan ini melemahkan penegakan hukum. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kapasitas aparat, peningkatan fasilitas rehabilitasi, sosialisasi publik berkelanjutan, serta pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk mendukung efektivitas implementasi Restorative Justice dalam penanganan tindak pidana narkotika di Polres Bulukumba. The issue of narcotics abuse in Indonesia remains a significant national concern due to its multidimensional impact on public health, social stability, and national security. The predominantly retributive law enforcement approach applied in recent years has proven ineffective in reducing drug-related offenses and has failed to address the needs of drug users who require treatment and rehabilitation rather than punitive sanctions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of a Restorative Justice approach in narcotics crime investigations conducted by the Narcotics Unit of the Bulukumba District Police, as well as to identify the challenges encountered during its application. This research employs an empirical legal methodology with a qualitative approach through literature review, field observation, and interviews with law enforcement officers and relevant stakeholders. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of Restorative Justice has been aligned with the provisions of the Indonesian National Police Regulation No. 8 of 2021, primarily applied to cases involving minor drug users with limited evidence. The investigation process includes integrated assessment, penal mediation, medical and social rehabilitation, and transparent destruction of evidence. The study further reveals that this approach has contributed to reducing recidivism rates, improving public trust in law enforcement institutions, and strengthening cross-sector collaboration involving the National Narcotics Agency, rehabilitation centers, and local government authorities. Despite these positive outcomes, several challenges remain, including limited understanding among officers regarding the conceptual framework of Restorative Justice, insufficient rehabilitation resources, and resistance stemming from perceptions that this approach weakens legal enforcement. Therefore, capacity-building programs, improved rehabilitation infrastructure, sustained public education, and enhanced use of digital technology are required to ensure the effective implementation of Restorative Justice in narcotics law enforcement at the Bulukumba District Police level.