IMPLEMENTASI EKSEKUSI JAMINAN FIDUSIA OLEH DEBT COLLECTOR DAN PERLINDUNGAN HAK DEBITUR DI SULAWESI BARAT - Nurdin, Abdul Rahman; Makkawaru, Zulkifli; Kamsilaniah, Kamsilaniah (Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law, 2026)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi eksekusi jaminan fidusia oleh debt collector serta perlindungan hak debitur dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan fidusia di Sulawesi Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan sosiologis melalui studi lapangan. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan debitur, pihak perusahaan pembiayaan, dan pihak terkait lainnya, serta didukung oleh bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan fidusia di Sulawesi Barat belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Jaminan Fidusia dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019. Dalam praktiknya masih ditemukan tindakan penarikan objek jaminan tanpa menunjukkan sertifikat jaminan fidusia, surat tugas atau surat kuasa resmi, serta pelaksanaan eksekusi yang dilakukan secara sepihak dan disertai intimidasi terhadap debitur. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan lemahnya perlindungan hukum terhadap hak debitur, khususnya terkait prinsip kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan penghormatan terhadap hak milik. Selain itu, minimnya pengawasan terhadap aktivitas debt collector turut memengaruhi terjadinya penyimpangan dalam proses eksekusi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan pengawasan terhadap perusahaan pembiayaan dan debt collector, peningkatan kepatuhan terhadap prosedur hukum, serta optimalisasi perlindungan hukum bagi debitur guna mewujudkan pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan fidusia yang berkeadilan dan sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. This study aims to analyze the implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution by debt collectors and the protection of debtors' rights in the implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution in West Sulawesi. The study uses an empirical legal method with a statutory regulatory approach and a sociological approach through field studies. Data were obtained through interviews with debtors, financing companies, and other related parties, and supported by relevant primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution in West Sulawesi has not been fully implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Fiduciary Guarantee Law and Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019. In practice, there are still cases of withdrawal of collateral objects without showing a fiduciary guarantee certificate, a letter of assignment or an official power of attorney, as well as unilateral executions accompanied by intimidation against debtors. These conditions indicate weak legal protection for debtors' rights, particularly regarding the principles of legal certainty, justice, and respect for property rights. In addition, minimal supervision of debt collector activities also contributes to irregularities in the execution process. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervision of financing companies and debt collectors, increase compliance with legal procedures, and optimize legal protection for debtors in order to realize the implementation of fiduciary guarantees that are fair and in accordance with applicable legal provisions.