Penilaian Risiko Kerja serta Perancangan Fasilitas Kerja Ergonomis di PT. XYZ - Putri Qeyla Nurul Anwari; A. Harits Nu’man; Yanti Sri Rejeki (Jurnal Riset Teknik Industri, 2026)
Abstract. Fatigue and musculoskeletal complaints experienced by operators can reduce work performance and productivity, potentially hindering the achievement of company production targets. These conditions are often caused by work facilities that do not comply with ergonomic principles, particularly in manual pushing activities. PT. XYZ is a footwear manufacturing company facing production target issues, with the highest defect rate occurring in the Sewing Department. At the sewing Quality Control (QC) workstation, operators reported complaints in the neck, lower back, and knees due to manual pushing activities covering approximately ±2.5 km per day, squatting postures during sorting, and relatively low worktable conditions, which may lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aims to identify musculoskeletal complaints among QC operators, assess work risk in manual pushing activities using the Risk Assessment of Pushing and Pulling (RAPP) method, and propose ergonomic work facility improvements based on anthropometric data. A quantitative approach was applied through observation and interviews. Musculoskeletal complaints were identified using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire administered to four QC operators, while pushing activity risks were evaluated using RAPP. The results showed an initial RAPP score of 16, indicating a high-risk level. After designing an ergonomic trolley, the RAPP score decreased to 7, which falls into the low-risk category. Abstrak. Kelelahan dan keluhan pada sistem muskuloskeletal yang dialami operator dapat menurunkan kinerja dan produktivitas kerja, sehingga berpotensi menghambat pencapaian target produksi perusahaan. Kondisi tersebut sering dipicu oleh fasilitas kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan prinsip ergonomi, khususnya pada aktivitas mendorong beban secara manual. PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan manufaktur sepatu yang menghadapi permasalahan tidak tercapainya target produksi, dengan tingkat kecacatan tertinggi terjadi pada Departemen Sewing. Pada stasiun kerja Quality Control (QC) sewing, operator dilaporkan mengalami keluhan pada leher, punggung, dan lutut akibat aktivitas mendorong kardus sejauh ±2,5 km per hari, posisi jongkok saat penyortiran, serta kondisi meja kerja yang relatif rendah, yang berisiko menimbulkan musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keluhan operator QC, menilai risiko kerja pada aktivitas mendorong menggunakan metode Risk Assessment of Pushing and Pulling (RAPP), serta merancang usulan perbaikan fasilitas kerja ergonomis berbasis antropometri. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui observasi dan wawancara. Identifikasi keluhan dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM) terhadap empat operator QC, sedangkan penilaian risiko aktivitas mendorong dianalisis menggunakan RAPP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor RAPP awal sebesar 16 (risiko tinggi). Setelah perancangan troli ergonomis, skor RAPP menurun menjadi 7 yang termasuk kategori risiko rendah.