Implementasi Perlindungan Hukum Tenaga Kerja Generasi Z di Ekosistem Digital - Muhamad Abas; Wike Nopianti (Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities, 2025)
Transformasi digital telah mengubah lanskap ketenagakerjaan Indonesia, khususnya bagi Generasi Z (lahir 1997-2012) yang mendominasi sektor ekonomi digital dan industri kreatif, namun menghadapi persoalan mendasar berupa ketiadaan perlindungan hukum memadai dan ketidakjelasan status kepegawaian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed method yang menggabungkan penelitian hukum normatif dengan penelitian hukum empiris melalui survei terhadap 20 responden pekerja digital berusia 21-26 tahun untuk menganalisis implementasi perlindungan hukum berdasarkan UU No. 13 Tahun 2003 jo. UU No. 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun 85% responden telah terdaftar BPJS dan sebagian menilai perlindungan hukum cukup efektif, terdapat kesenjangan signifikan antara pekerja tetap yang mendapat perlindungan lengkap dengan pekerja freelance atau mitra platform yang rentan eksploitasi akibat rendahnya literasi hukum (mayoritas hanya memahami sebagian kecil UU Ketenagakerjaan dan UU Cipta Kerja), minimnya sosialisasi regulasi, ketiadaan kontrak tertulis jelas, ketidakpastian upah, dan ambiguitas status kepegawaian yang memungkinkan platform menghindari kewajiban perlindungan tenaga kerja. Konsensus kuat dari Generasi Z menunjukkan perlunya regulasi khusus untuk pekerja platform digital, peran aktif pemerintah, dan perlindungan komprehensif yang mencakup kejelasan status hubungan kerja, jaminan sosial, standar upah layak, dan perlindungan data pribadi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformasi kebijakan menyeluruh meliputi sosialisasi hukum masif berbasis digital, klarifikasi status kepegawaian dengan kategori "pekerja platform" yang mendapat perlindungan dasar namun tetap fleksibel, transparansi algoritma platform, perluasan akses jaminan sosial adaptif, sistem penyelesaian sengketa cepat dan murah, penguatan kapasitas penegak hukum, serta dialog multi-stakeholder berkelanjutan untuk memastikan ekosistem kerja digital Indonesia tumbuh inovatif tanpa mengorbankan kesejahteraan dan hak-hak fundamental pekerja muda. Generation Z (born 1997–2012), who dominate the digital economy and creative industries but face fundamental issues such as inadequate legal protection and unclear employment status. This study employs a mixed-method approach combining normative and empirical legal research through a survey of 20 digital workers aged 21–26 to analyze the implementation of legal protection based on Law No. 13 of 2003 in conjunction with Law No. 6 of 2023 on Job Creation. The findings reveal that although 85% of respondents are registered with BPJS (Social Security), and some perceive legal protection as fairly effective, a significant gap remains between permanent employees who receive comprehensive protection and freelancers or platform partners, who are vulnerable to exploitation due to low legal literacy (most understand only a small portion of the Manpower Law and the Job Creation Law), limited regulatory outreach, lack of clear written contracts, wage uncertainty, and ambiguous employment status that allows platforms to evade labor protection obligations. A strong consensus among Generation Z highlights the urgent need for specific regulations for digital platform workers, active government involvement, and comprehensive protection encompassing clear employment status, social security, fair wage standards, and personal data protection. This study recommends comprehensive policy reforms, including large-scale digital legal education, clarification of employment status through a “platform worker” category ensuring basic yet flexible protection, platform algorithm transparency, expanded access to adaptive social security, fast and affordable dispute resolution systems, capacity building for law enforcers, and continuous multi-stakeholder dialogue to ensure Indonesia’s digital work ecosystem grows innovatively without compromising the welfare and fundamental rights of young workers.