Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pembeli Rumah Subsidi terhadap Penipuan Kredit oleh Developer: Legal Protection for Subsidized Housing Buyers Against Credit Fraud by Developer - Marta Paulina Agus Candra; Mispansyah (Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 2026)
Program rumah subsidi merupakan kebijakan strategis pemerintah Indonesia dalam mewujudkan hak setiap warga negara atas tempat tinggal yang layak sebagaimana diamanatkan Pasal 28H ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, program ini rentan disalahgunakan oleh developer melalui berbagai praktik penipuan kredit yang merugikan pembeli, khususnya Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli rumah subsidi terhadap penipuan kredit oleh developer serta mengidentifikasi upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh oleh pembeli yang dirugikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan tipe doktriner dan bersifat preskriptif-analitis, melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, bentuk penipuan kredit oleh developer meliputi pemalsuan dokumen, kredit fiktif, manipulasi harga, dan wanprestasi. Perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli rumah subsidi dibangun dalam kerangka normatif yang komprehensif melalui KUH Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2011 tentang Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, serta Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja. Perlindungan tersebut diwujudkan melalui perlindungan preventif berupa sistem akreditasi developer, kewajiban transparansi, dan pengawasan lembaga berwenang, serta perlindungan represif melalui penegakan hukum pidana, gugatan perdata, dan sanksi administratif. Kedua, upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh mencakup jalur litigasi berupa gugatan perdata dan pidana, serta jalur non-litigasi melalui negosiasi, mediasi, dan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK). Sinergi antara kedua jalur tersebut menjadi kunci terwujudnya perlindungan hukum yang komprehensif dan berkeadilan bagi pembeli rumah subsidi. ABSTRACT The subsidized housing program is a strategic policy of the Indonesian government aimed at fulfilling every citizen's right to adequate housing as mandated by Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, in practice, this program is susceptible to abuse by developers through various forms of credit fraud that harm buyers, particularly Low-Income Communities. This study aims to analyze legal protection for subsidized housing buyers against credit fraud by developers and to identify legal remedies available to aggrieved buyers. This study employs a normative legal research method of doctrinal type with a prescriptive-analytical nature, through statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that: First, forms of credit fraud by developers include document falsification, fictitious credit, price manipulation, and breach of contract. Legal protection for subsidized housing buyers is established within a comprehensive normative framework encompassing the Civil Code, Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 1 of 2011 on Housing and Settlement Areas, Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, and Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation. Such protection is realized through preventive protection by means of developer accreditation systems, transparency obligations, and supervision by authorized institutions, as well as repressive protection through criminal law enforcement, civil lawsuits, and administrative sanctions. Second, available legal remedies encompass litigation channels in the form of civil and criminal lawsuits, as well as non-litigation channels through negotiation, mediation, and the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency. The synergy between both channels is the key to achieving comprehensive and equitable legal protection for subsidized housing buyers.