Dampak Aktivitas Pertambangan Terhadap Kualitas Air: Kajian Literatur Mengenai Air Asam Tambang, Sedimen, Dan Kontaminasi Logam Berat - Nurhania Nurhania; Gilank Anugrah (Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem, 2026)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kegiatan penambangan terhadap kualitas air berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kajian literatur (literature review) yang bersumber dari berbagai jurnal ilmiah, prosiding, laporan penelitian, serta peraturan terkait pengelolaan lingkungan pertambangan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif melalui proses pengumpulan, reduksi, pengelompokan, dan sintesis hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan air asam tambang, sedimen, dan logam berat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan penambangan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap penurunan kualitas air melalui terbentuknya air asam tambang yang menyebabkan penurunan pH perairan. Selain itu, aktivitas penambangan juga meningkatkan kekeruhan dan Total Suspended Solid (TSS) akibat erosi lahan tambang serta meningkatkan konsentrasi logam berat seperti Fe, Mn, Hg, Pb, dan Cu pada badan air dan sedimen. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan dampak ekologis dan risiko kesehatan bagi masyarakat di sekitar wilayah pertambangan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penerapan pengelolaan lingkungan pertambangan yang berkelanjutan serta pemantauan kualitas air secara berkala untuk meminimalkan dampak negatif kegiatan penambangan. This study aims to analyze the impacts of mining activities on water quality based on findings from previous studies. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, drawing on various scientific journals, conference proceedings, research reports, and regulations related to mining environmental management. Data analysis was conducted descriptively through the processes of data collection, reduction, categorization, and synthesis of research findings related to acid mine drainage, sediments, and heavy metals. The results of the review indicate that mining activities significantly contribute to the decline in water quality through the formation of acid mine drainage, which leads to a decrease in the pH of water bodies. In addition, mining activities increase water turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) due to erosion of mining areas and also increase the concentration of heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Hg, Pb, and Cu in water bodies and sediments. These conditions have the potential to cause ecological impacts and health risks for communities living near mining areas. Therefore, the implementation of sustainable mining environmental management and regular water quality monitoring is necessary to minimize the negative impacts of mining activities.