KARAKTERISASI SIFAT-SIFAT AGRONOMI BEBERAPA NOMOR KOLEKSI SUMBERDAYA GENETIK JAGUNG SULAWESI - T. Wijayanto (Agrin, 2007)
Plasma nutfah tanaman mempunyai peranan penting dalam perakitan varitas tanaman unggul karenaperanannya dalam memberikan keragaman genetik. Salah satu masalah utama yang sering dihadapi adalahcepatnya penurunan viabilitas benih, terutama bila kondisi penyimpanan koleksi benih yang tepat danoptimal tidak tersedia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk meremajakan dan mengkarakterisasi koleksi plasmanutfah jagung asal Sulawesi Tenggara (Sultra) and Sulawesi Tengah (Sulteng). Tujuh belas genotype jagungasal Sultra dan 2 genotipe jagung asal Sulteng di tanam di lapang dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengantiga ulangan. Sembilan dari 17 genotipe Jagung Sultra hampir kehilangan viabilitasnya. Delapan genotypejagung Sultra yang lain, dan dua genotype jagung Sulteng, tumbuh baik dan memproduksi cukup benih.Analisa data menunjukkan bahwa semua sifat kuantitatif yang diamati memiliki distribusi platikurtik(mendatar) dengan koefisien keragaman bervariasi antara 3.9% sampai 25.3%. Sifat-sifat ini (kecuali untuksifat tinggi tongkol utama dan panjang malai) mempunyai kurva yang positif. Ini menandakan bahwapopulasi jagung tersebut didominasi oleh rata-rata individu yang lebih rendah dibanding rata-rata populasi.Analisa data juga menunjukkan bahwa kesepuluh genotipe jagung tersebut mempunyai keragaman sifat-sifatkuantitatif yang cukup tinggi.Kata kunci: plasma nutfah jagung, karakterisasi sifat-sifat agronomi, keragaman ABSTRACTPlant germplasm plays an important rule in creating improved plant varieties, because it providesgenetic variability. One major problem that has always been encountered is a rapid decrease in seedviability, especially if an appropriate and optimal storage condition of germplasm (seed) collections is notavailable. The experiment was conducted to rejuvenate and characterize the collection of maize germplasmfrom Southeast (SS) and Central Sulawesi (CS). Seventeen maize genotypes from SS and two genotypesfrom CS were field-planted in a RCB design, with three replications. Nine out of the 17 genotypes from SShad almost lost their viabilities and could not grow well. The other 8 genotypes and the 2 genotypes from CSgrew well and produced enough seeds. Data analyses showed that all observed quantitative characters had aflat, platicurtic distribution with CV ranging from 3.9% to 25.3%. Except for the “TTP (first-ear height) andPMA (length of peduncle)”, the characters had positive curves. This means that the maize population wasdominated by individual means lower than population means. The data also showed that the-10 maizegermplasm had a quite high variability of their quantitative characters.Key words: maize germplasm, agronomic characterization, variability.