UJI KESERAGAMAN, HERITABILITAS DAN KEMAJUAN GENETIK GALUR PADI BERAS MERAH HASIL SELEKSI SILANG BALIK DI LINGKUNGAN GOGO - IGP Muliarta Aryana (CROP AGRO, Scientific Journal of Agronomy, 2010)
ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui keseragaman genotipe, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik karakter kuantitatif padi beras merah hasil empat kali seleksi silang balik. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan menanam secara gogo di lahan tegalan, dengan jenis tanah Inseptisol. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan 23 genotipe (20 genotipe hasil silang balik dan 3 tetua: Piong, Angka dan Kenya). Data yang diamati: tinggi tanaman, panjang malai, bobot 100 butir gabah, bobot gabah per rumpun, total jumlah anakan per rumpun dan total jumlah gabah per malai. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaman dalam genotipe, heritabilitas, dan kemajuan genetik harapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Terdapat 16 genotipe hasil seleksi silang balik yang seragam dan 4 genotipe yang tidak seragam. Ke empat genotipe adalah G2(A1) dan G17(P15) yang ditunjukan dari panjang malai, bobot gabah per rumpun, total gabah per malai dan total anakan per rumpun; G3(A2) dan G13(P4) dan G17(P15) yang ditunjukkan dari tinggi tanaman; 2) Genotipe yang tidak seragam mempunyai nilai heritabilitas tinggi pada karakter yang teramati, kecuali bobot gabah per rumpun pada G2(A1)/1, G2(A1)/2, G17(P15)/1 dan G17(P15)/3; panjang malai pada G17(P15)/3; total jumlah gabah per malai pada G2(A1)/3 dan G17(P15); total jumlah anakkan per rumpun pada G2(A1)/1, G2(A1)/2; G17(P15)/1 dan G17(P15)/3 mempunyai kriteria sedang; dan 3) Kemajuan genetik bobot gabah per rumpun tergolong tinggi; panjang malai tergolong sedang kecuali pada G17(P15)/1 tergolong tinggi; total jumlah gabah per malai tergolong tinggi kecuali G2(A1)/3 dan G17(P15)/2 tergolong sedang, total jumlah anakan per rumpun tergolong tinggi kecuali G17(P15)/1 tergolong sedang; tinggi tanaman tergolong rendah, kecuali G13(P4)/1 dan G17(A15) tergolong sedang. ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to study genotype populations uniformity, heritability and genetic gain of red rice obtained from back cross selection. The experiment was conducted in dryland with an inseptisol soil. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design with 23 genotypes (20 genotypes from back cross selection and 3 parents [Piong, Angka and Kenya]). Characters observed were plant height, panicle length, weight of 100 grain, grain weight per clum, total grain numbers per penicle and tiller numbers per clum. Data analysed were genotype population uniform; heritability and expected genetic gain. The results indicate that: 1) There were sixteen uniform red rice genotypes resulted from four times back crossed selection and 4 non-uniform genotypes. The four genotypes were G2(A1) and G17(P15) indicated by panicle length, grain weight per clump, total grain numbers per panicle and tiller numbers per clump; G3(A2 ) and G13 (P4) and G17(P15) indicated by plant height; 2) The non uniform genotypes showed high heritability value in observed character except grain weight per clum in G2(A1)/1, G2(A1)/2, G17(P15)/1 and G17(P15)/3; panicle lenght in G17(P15)/3; total grain numbers per penicle in G2(A1)/3 and G17(P15); total tiller numbers per clump in G2(A1)/1, G2(A1)/2; G17(P15)/1, G17(P15)/3 and all have medium creteria; and 3) Expected genetic gain of grain weight per clump was high; panicle lenght was medium except in G17(P15)/1 was high; total grain numbers per penicle was high except in G2(A1)/3 and G17(P15)/2 classified as medium, total tiller numbers per clump was high except G17(P15)/1 was classified as medium; plant height was low, except in G13(P4)/1 dan G17(A15) was classified medium.