PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MALTODEKSTRIN DALAM MINUMAN ELEKTROLIT TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG-PARU ATLET SEPAK BOLA - Amin, Nur; Susanto, Hardhono; Rahfiludin, M. Zen (GIZI INDONESIA, 2017)
Latihan maksimal, status hidrasi, dan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi yang baik dapat meningkatkan daya tahan jantung paru. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan maltodekstrin dalam minuman elektrolit terhadap daya tahan jantung paru atlet sepak bola selama latihan. Penelitian ini adalah quasi- experiment dengan desain crossover pada 17 atlet PPLP sepak bola Jawa Tengah Tahun 2015. Penelitian berlangsung selama 6 minggu, pada saat latihan atlet diberikan minuman elektrolit sebanyak 4x300 mL pada menit ke-30, 60, 90 dan 120 kemudian dilakukan tes daya tahan jantung paru. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan minuman elektrolit yang ditambah 4x18 g maltodekstrin sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan minuman elektrolit. Pengukuran yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini meliputi berat badan, tinggi badan, IMT, persentase lemak tubuh, BMR, asupan mineral dan zat gizi makro, dan daya tahan jantung paru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan daya tahan jantung paru atlet sepak bola sesudah diberikan maltodekstrin (51,05 + 3,160 menjadi 51,60 + 3,286 mL/kg BB/menit) (p=0,001). Peningkatan daya tahan jantung paru pada kelompok perlakuan (0,55 + 0,126 mL/kg BB/menit) lebih tinggi dari pada kelompok kontrol (0,18 + 0,031 mL/kg BB/menit) dengan nilai  p=0,02. IMT, persentase lemak tubuh, BMR, asupan mineral dan zat gizi makro tidak berkorelasi dengan daya tahan jantung paru. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian maltodekstrin sebanyak 4x18 g dalam 4x300 mL minuman elektrolit meningkatkan daya tahan jantung-paru atlet sepak bola selama latihan.ABSTRACTThe Effect of Additional Maltodextrin in Electrolyte Drinks to Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Soccer Athletes During ExerciseMaximum exercise, hydration status, and proper nutrition intake could improve the cardiorespiratory endurance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of additional maltodextrin in the electrolyte drinks to cardiorespiratory endurance among soccer athletes during exercise. This quasi-experimental study used a crossover design on 17 soccer athletes of Central Java PPLP in 2015. The study had been  done during six weeks periods, during the exercise athletes were given 4x300 mL drink at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes continued with cardiorespiratory endurance test. The control group was given only an electrolyte drink whereas the treatment group was given an electrolyte drink plus 18 gram maltodextrin. Measurements included body weight, body height, BMI, body fat percetage, BMR, minerals and macro nutrient intake, and cardiorespiratory endurance. The result showed that cardiorespiratory endurance of soccer athletes after giving maltodextrin increase significantly (51.0 + 3.16 to 51.6 + 3.28 mL/kg BW/min) (p=0.001). The result  showed that increasing of the cardiorespiratory endurance in treatment group (0.6 + 0.80 mL/kg BW/min) is significantly higher than control group (0.2 + 0.15 mL/ kg BW/min) with p=0.02. BMI, fat mass percentage, BMR, minerals and macro nutrient intakes have no correlation with cardiorespiratory endurance. It can be concluded that the giving maltodextrin as much as 4x18 g in 4x300 mL electrolyte drinks increased the cardiorespiratory endurance of soccer athletes during exercise. Keyword: maltodextrin, cardiorespiratory endurance, soccer athletes, electrolyte drink