DEFISIENSI BESI DAN ANEMIA PADA ANAK USIA BAWAH DUA TAHUN (6-23 BULAN) DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR - Ahmad, Aripin; Zulfah, Siti; Wagustina, Silvia (GIZI INDONESIA, 2014)
Anemia pada balita di Indonesia masih sangat tinggi, hasil Susenas (2001) menunjukkan rata-rata 47 persen balita menderita anemia dengan prevalensi terbesar pada usia 6-11 bulan yaitu 64,8 persen. Di Aceh, Survei Word Vision Indonesia (2010) 67,8 persen anak balita menderita anemia, sementara data Riskesadas 2013 didapatkan anemia pada anak usia 12-59 bulan 30,3 persen di kota dan 25,8 persen di pedesaan. Salah satu faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi anemia adalah status besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status besi dan anemia pada anak baduta usia 6-23 bulan di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional survei dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2011 pada tiga kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Lhoknga, Leupung dan Lhong Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Sampel penelitian adalah anak usia 6-23 bulan berjumlah 257 orang yang diambil dengan metode stratified random sampling. Data kadar Haemoglobin (Hb) dikumpulkan dengan metode cyanmethaemoglobin dan serum Ferritin dengan metode ELISA oleh tenaga laboran terlatih di Laboratorium “P” Banda Aceh. Analisis hubungan antara kadar serrum Ferritin dengan Anemia digunakan uji chi-square pada derajat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 46,7 persen sampel menderita anemia dan 36,2 persen menderita defisiensi besi. Setelah dilakukan analisis penentuan jenis anemia, didapatkan sampel dengan kadar Hb dan status besi normal sebesar 43,6 persen, anemia defisiensi besi 26,5 persen, defisiensi besi tidak anemia 9,7 persen, dan anemia tetapi status besi normal 20,2 persen. Anemia lebih banyak didapatkan pada anak baduta dengan status defisiensi besi, yaitu 73,1 persen dibandingkan anak non defisiensi 31,7 persen. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara defisiensi besi dengan anemia (p=0,00) dan nilai Odd Ratio (OR) =5,8. Anemia anak baduta di Aceh merupakan ”severe public health problem” dengan penyebab defisiensi zat besi. Untuk itu sangat diperlukan upaya peningkatan asupan zat besi dari makanan terutama MPASI, intervensi pemberian suplementasi besi untuk mencegah terjadinya anemia pada anak baduta.ABSTRACTIRON DEFICIENCY AND ANEMIA AMONG UNDER-TWO-YEAR-OLD-CHILDREN (6-23 MONTHS) IN ACEH BESAR DISTRICT OF ACEHAnemia among children aged under-five years in Indonesia is still high. The Social Economic National Survey (Susenas) in 2001 showed that 47 percent under five children suffered anemia and 64,8 percent of them were 6-11 months. Anemia in Aceh is also high, Word Vision Indonesia Survey in 2010 obtained that 67.8 percent under-five- year-old-children suffered from anemia. Riskesdas 2013 showed 30,3 percent anemia was found at 12-59 month old in urban and 25,8 percent in rural. One of the factors that influences anemia is iron status. This study aimed to determine iron status and anemia in children aged 6-23 months in Aceh Besar District. This study used a cross-sectional design that was conducted in August 2011 at three subdistricts in Aceh Besar: Lhoknga, Leupung and Lhong. A total of 257 children was taken as subjects with stratified random sampling method. Haemoglobin levels were collected by cyanmethaemoglobin method and serum ferritin was measured using ELISA method by trained staff at “P” Laboratory Banda Aceh. To analyse the relationship between ferritin serum levels and anemia, chi-square test was used at 95 percent confidence level. The study showed 46.7 percent children aged 6-23 month suffered anemia and 36.2 percent was iron deficiency. After analyzing the type of anemia, it showed that 43.6 percent children was normal, 26,5 percent was iron deficiency anemia, 9,7 percent was iron deficiency without anemia; and 20.2 percent was anemia without iron deficiency. Anemia among children with iron deficiency was 73.1 percent, and non iron deficiency children was 31.7 percent. There was a significant different between iron deficiency and anemia in children aged 6-23 month (p=0.00) with Odd Ratio (OR) 5.8. Anemia among children aged 6-23 month is a severe public health problem and iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia in Aceh Besar District. Therefore, it is important to improve iron intake from complementary feeding and iron supplement intervention for 6-23 month age children.Keywords: anemia, iron deficiency, children aged 6-23 month