Pengaruh periode pra-kondisi dan penutupan sungkup terhadap daya hidup planlet karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) Effect of pre-condition period and vessel closure on the survival rate of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) plantlets - Masna Maya SINTA; . NURHAIMI-HARIS; . SUMARYONO (E-Journal Menara Perkebunan, 2013)
AbstractAcclimatization of plantlets is a critical stage in themicropropagation of many plants. An experiment wasconducted to determine the effect of pre-condition periodand vessel closure on the growth and survival rate ofrubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) plantlets derivedfrom in vitro microcutting during acclimatization.Plantlets were planted in plastic pots containing mixedgrowing media after being conditioned in ex vitroenvironment for 0, 3 and 6 days. Five closure vesseltreatments were closed pots placed in opened container,opened pots in closed glass container, closed pots inclosed glass container, opened pots in closed plasticcontainer, and closed pots in closed plastic container.Observation on leaf conditions, rooting frequency, andplant height were conducted at 1.5 months and on thepercentage of survive plantlets at 1.5 and 3 months afteracclimatization. The results showed that pre-conditionwas required to increase survival rate and growth of theplantlets. Pre-condition period of six days gave a highersurvival rate than 0 and 3 days which reached 100% and93% on opened pot in closed plastic container and closedpot in opened container, respectively after 1.5 monthsand was reduced to 80% after three months ofacclimatization. The highest formation of new leaves androots were also obtained on six days pre-conditionperiod. Plantlets with pre-condition for six days and wereplanted on closed pots in an opened container had thebest rooting frequency which was 90%. The resultshowed that the highest survival rate (80%) of rubberplantlets after three months was obtained when theplantlets were pre-conditioned in ex vitro conditions forsix days before acclimatization and planted on openedpots in a closed plastic container or closed pots in anopened container.AbstrakAklimatisasi planlet merupakan tahap kritis dalammikropopagasi tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan untuk me-nentukan pengaruh periode pra-kondisi dan penyung-kupan terhadap pertumbuhan dan daya hidup planletkaret (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) asal stek mikro (invitro microcutting) selama aklimatisasi. Planlet ditanampada pot plastik berisi campuran media tanam setelahdikondisikan lebih dahulu pada lingkungan luar selama 0,3 dan 6 hari. Lima perlakuan penyungkupan adalahpenanaman planlet pada pot tertutup diletakkan dalamwadah terbuka, pot terbuka dalam wadah kaca tertutup,pot tertutup dalam wadah kaca tertutup, pot terbukadalam wadah plastik tertutup dan pot tertutup dalamwadah plastik tertutup. Pengamatan keadaan daun, pem-bentukan akar dan tinggi tanaman dilakukan pada 1,5bulan, sedangkan persentase planlet yang hidup diamatipada 1,5 dan 3 bulan setelah aklimatisasi. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa periode pra-kondisi diperlukanuntuk meningkatkan daya hidup dan pertumbuhanplanlet. Pra-kondisi selama enam hari memberikan dayahidup planlet lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 0 dan 3hari yaitu 100% dan 93% pada perlakuan penanamanpada pot terbuka dalam wadah plastik tertutup dan pottertutup dalam wadah terbuka setelah 1,5 bulan danmenjadi 80% setelah tiga bulan. Penambahan daun barudan pembentukan akar tertinggi juga terdapat padaperlakuan pra-kondisi enam hari. Perlakuan pra-kondisienam hari dengan pot tertutup yang diletakkan dalamwadah terbuka memperlihatkan persentase pembentukanakar yang paling baik yakni 90%. Hasil peneltian me-nunjukkan bahwa daya hidup planlet karet tertinggi(80%) pada umur tiga bulan diperoleh apabila planletdipra-kondisi pada lingkungan ex vitro selama enam hari,kemudian ditanam pada pot terbuka dalam wadah plastiktertutup atau pot tertutup dalam wadah terbuka.