Ekspresi IgA dan Rasio CD4+/CD8+ Sel T Mukosa Usus Tikus Setelah Suplementasi Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) - Netty Ino Ischak; La Ode Aman (Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC), 2016)
Kerang darah (Anadara granosa) mengandung senyawa glikoprotein yang diperkirakan dapat berperan sebagai zat imunomodulator dengan aktivitas tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari potensi kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dalam mekanisme sistem imun tikus (Rattus norvegicus) strain Spraque Dawley. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Negeri Gorontalo dan Laboratorium Primata Bogor IPB selama periode Maret–Oktober 2015. Peranan itu dijelaskan melalui ekspresi imunoglobulin A (IgA) dan skor histologi rasio CD4+/CD8+ sel T mukosa usus secara imunohistokimia. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorik dengan menerapkan randomized post test only control group design terhadap 30 ekor tikus yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Sampel dibagi dalam lima kelompok: (i) kontrol normal; (ii) dan (iii) adalah sampel malnutrisi yang masing-masing mendapat perlakuan ransum nonprotein sebagai kontrol positif [K.kg(+)] dan ransum standar kasein 20% sebagai kontrol negatif [K.kg(−)]; serta (4) dan (5) adalah sampel malnutrisi yang mendapat perlakuan ransum protein kasein 10% yang dikombinasi dengan tepung kerang darah 10% [P.kg1] dan diberi ransum tepung kerang darah 20% [P.kg2]. Perlakuan terhadap subjek selama 45 hari. Kondisi malnutrisi (kadar albumin<2,7 g/dL) diperoleh dengan pemberian ransum nonprotein. Setelah perlakuan, tikus dinekropsi untuk pengambilan jaringan usus. Pemeriksaan IgA dan skor rasio CD4+/CD8+ sel T jaringan mukosa usus (jejunum dan ileum) dengan metode imunohistokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kerang darah berpotensi meningkatkan kadar IgA, meningkatkan skor histologi CD4+, dan menurunkan skor histologi CD8+ sehingga memengaruhi peningkatan skor rasio CD4+/CD8+ sel T jejunum dan ileum mukosa usus tikus malnutrisi. Simpulan, terdapat peningkatan jumlah ekspresi IgA pada jejunum maupun ileum mukosa usus kelompok yang diberikan suplementasi kerang darah lebih baik dibanding dengan kelompok tanpa diberi suplementasi. IGA EXPRESSION AND CD4+/CD8+ T CELL RATIO OF RAT INTESTINE MUCOSA AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF ANADARA GRANOSAAnadara granosa contains of glycoprotein that has high activity as immunomodulator. The research objective was to study Anadara granosa’s role on immune system mechanism of rats (Rattus norvegicus) Spraque Dawley strain that described by expression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and histologic score ratio of CD4+/TCD8+ of intestinal mucosa. The study was held in Chemical Laboratory of Chemical Division of FMIPA Universitas Negeri Gorontalo and Laboratory Primata Bogor IPB during March–October 2015. The method was used experimental laboratory with randomized post test only control group design on 30 rats were selected by simple random sampling and divided into five groups: (1) normal controls, (2) and (3) were malnourished subjects to non-protein food as positive control [K.kg(+)], and food standard with casein 20% as negative control [K.kg(−)], (4) and (5) were malnourished subjects thas treated with casein protein diet 10% combined Anadara granosa flour 10% [P.kg1], and given Anadara granosa flour 20% [P.kg2]. The subjects were treated for 45 days. Malnourished condition (albumin<2.7 g/dL), obtained by non-protein diet. Final step, the samples were operated to get intestinal tissues. IgA examination and CD4+/CD8+ rasio of intestine’s mucosal tissues (jejunum and ileum) by immunohistochemically methods. The results showed that Anadara granosa could potentially increased IgA levels and capable to increase histology score of CD4+ and to decrease histology score CD8+. Increasing of CD4+/CD8+ ratio in jejunum and ileum of rats intestinal mucosa with malnourished after be administrated by Anadara granosa flour. In conclusion, IgA expression increased in jejunum and ileum mucosa of supplementation group is better than non-supplementation.