Islam di Spanyol: Kemunduran dan Kehancuran - Firdaus Firdaus (UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, 2009)
Islam in Spain had an important role in many areas, especially science and culture. The history reveals that Islam reached its peak in the era of Abd al Rahman III (912-961 AD) when Cordova became the center of Islamic civilization in Western World, and one of the centers of world civilization. After reaching its peak, Islam domination declined due to the change of political structure. Decline and destruction of Islam in Spain were caused by some factors, both internal and external, that is, the attack from the Christians who directly destroyed Islam, but the most dominant factor was the internal factor of Islam itself. Islam di Spanyol memiliki peran penting di banyak bidang, terutama sains dan budaya. Sejarah menunjukkan bahwa Islam mencapai puncaknya di era Abd al Rahman III (912-961 M) ketika Cordova menjadi pusat peradaban Islam di Dunia Barat, dan salah satu pusat peradaban dunia. Setelah mencapai puncaknya, dominasi Islam menurun akibat perubahan struktur politik. Penurunan dan penghancuran Islam di Spanyol disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, baik internal maupun eksternal, yaitu serangan dari orang Kristen yang secara langsung menghancurkan Islam, namun faktor yang paling dominan adalah faktor internal Islam itu sendiri.