Kandungan Flavonoid dan Limonoid pada Berbagai Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jeruk Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) dan Purut (Citrus hystrix Dc.) - Nirmal Friyanti Devy; Yulianti Yulianti; Andrini Andrini (Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development, 2010)
ABSTRAK. Tanaman jeruk mengandung metabolit sekunder flavonoid, karotenoid, dan limonoid yang banyakterdapat dalam daun, kulit buah, biji, dan pulp. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kandungan flavonoid dan limonoid padaberbagai fase pertumbuhan tanaman jeruk Kalamondin dan Purut serta mendapatkan informasi kandungan limonoidpada fase embrio dan planlet hasil perbanyakan in vitro melalui embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian dilakukan di BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2009. Ruanglingkup penelitian terdiri atas (1) identifikasi metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid dan limonoid pada berbagai fasepertumbuhan tanaman jeruk Kalamondin dan Purut dan (2) identifikasi limonoid pada fase embrio dan planlet tanamanjeruk Kalamondin yang diperbanyak dengan metode embriogenesis somatik secara in vitro. Analisis kandunganmetabolit sekunder dilakukan di Unit Layanan Pengujian, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Airlangga. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa kandungan flavonoid dan limonoid dapat diproduksi dari berbagai bagian tanaman, seperti padapulp, biji, kulit buah, dan daun pada berbagai fase pertumbuhan jeruk Purut dan Kalamondin. Kandungan flavonoidpada jeruk Purut dan Kalamondin tertinggi terdapat pada buah tua, masing-masing 18,8 ppm. Kandungan limonoidpada jeruk Purut hanya terdeteksi pada daun pendukung buah tua (1 ppm) dan biji (61 ppm), sedangkan pada jenisKalamondin hanya terdeteksi pada biji yaitu sebesar 74 ppm.ABSTRACT. Devy, N.F., F. Yulianti, and Andrini. 2010. Flavonoid and Limonoid Contents in Every GrowthPhase of Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) and Purut (Citrus hystrix Dc.). Citrus contains secondary metabolitessuch as flavonoid, carotenoid, and limonoid, which can be found in the leaf, peel of fruit, seeds, and pulp. The aimsof this research were to determine flavonoid and limonoid contents in every growth phase of Kalamondin and Purutand the limonoid contents in embryo and plantlet phases derived from in vitro somatic embryogenesis. The researchwas conducted in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICISFRI) from May to December 2009.The research consisted of two activities as follows: (1) analyses of flavonoid and limonoid contents in every growthphase of Kalamondin and Purut and (2) analyses of the limonoid contents in embryos and plantlet proliferated fromsomatic embryogenesis culture. Flavonoid and limonoid contents were analyzed at the Assessment Service Unit,Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University. The results showed that flavonoid and limonoid compounds could beproduced in all parts of plant i.e, such as pulp, seeds, peel of fruit, and leaves from every growth phase of Kalamondinand Purut. In Purut and Kalamondin, the highest flavonoid content was obtained from ripen fruit, with concentration18.8 ppm. Liminoid content in Purut was detected only in leaf supporting ripen fruit (1 ppm) and seeds (61 ppm),and in Kalamondin was only in seeds with concentration 74 ppm.