Pengaruh Perlakuan Pelapisan Benih (seed coated) terhadap Viabilitas Benih Tiga Varietas Kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.) - Taufiq Hidayat RS; Nurindah Nurindah; Anik Herawati (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, 2019)
Seed coated merupakan teknologi pelapisan benih dengan bahan tertentu untuk mempertahankan mutu benih dan membuat bentuk benih lebih teratur. Prosesing benih kapas saat ini masih menggunakan bahan kimia seperti asam sulfat (acid seed delinted) untuk menghilangkan kabu-kabu (linter) yang masih menempel pada biji setelah proses pemisahan serat dan biji. Acid Seed delinted memungkinkan terjadinya kerusakan kulit hingga lembaga biji dan dapat menimbulkan masalah lingkungan dari limbah yang dihasilkan dalam proses tersebut. Teknik pelapisan benih (seed coated) berpeluang untuk diterapkan dalam proses perbenihan kapas, sehingga proses tersebut menjadi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pelapisan benih pada tiga varietas terhadap viabilitas benih kapas. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Faktorial dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Faktor Pertama terdiri atas empat perlakuan benih yaitu benih berkabu tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), benih diperlakukan dengan acid delinted, benih dilapisi (coated) dengan tapioka, kaolin, dan arabic gum. Faktor kedua terdiri atas varietas kapas yaitu Kanesia 10, Kanesia 18, dan Kanesia 19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan benih dengan arabic gum menghasilkan viabilitas benih yang terbaik dan benih kapas varietas Kanesia 10 menunjukkan persentase keserempakan tumbuh, persentase daya berkecambah, dan persentase potensi tumbuh maksimum terbaik masing-masing 92,25%; 96,25% dan 98,00%. Perlakuan coated benih kapas dengan arabic gum berpotensi untuk diterapkan dalam perbenihan kapas sebagai alternatif teknik acid delinting yang kurang ramah lingkungan Effect of Seed Coating on the Seeds Viability of Three Cotton Varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.)Seed coating technology with certain materials is objected to maintain seed quality and to make seed shapes more regular. Currently, cotton seeds processing is using chemicals such as sulfuric acid (acid seed delinted) to remove the linter which is still attached to the seeds after the separation of fibers and seeds. Acid seed delinting could causing damage on the seed skin as well as to the seed embryo and also cause environmental problems from the waste produced in the process. Seed coated technology has the prospect to be applied in the process of cotton seeding, so the process becomes environmentally friendly. This study aims to evaluate the effect of seed coating treatment on three cotton varieties on the seed viability. This study uses Randomized Block Design Factorial. The first factor consisted of four seed treatments namely fuzzy seed (control), seed delinted, seed coated with tapioca and kaolin and seed coated with arabic gum. The second factor were cotton varieties namely Kanesia 10, Kanesia 18, and Kanesia 19. The results showed that the interaction between seed treatments with cotton varieties significantly affected the radicular length parameters and produced a coefficient of varians 9.85%. Seed coated with arabic gum showed the best results for all observation parameters. Kanesia 10 showed the best of growing simultaneity, germination, and the potential maximum growth by 92%, 96%, and 98%, recpectively. The cotton cotton seed coated with arabic gum is prospective to be applied in the cotton seeding process as an alternative to the acid delinting technique that is not environmentally friendly.