TEKNIK BIOREMEDIASI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR - Priadie, Bambang (School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer, 2012)
ABSTRAK Walaupun telah diberlakukan berbagai macam kebijakan dan peraturan terkait dengan pengendalian pencemaran air, namun penurunan kualitas badan air masih terus berlangsung. Hal ini disebabkan karena lemahnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum maupun teknologi pengendalian pencemaran air yang berbasis pembubuhan bahan kimia masih belum bisa memenuhi kriteria yang diberlakukan. Tulisan ini menguraikan proses bioremediasi sebagai alternatif dalam upaya pengendalian pencemaran air, meliputi: isolasi, pengujian degradasi zat pencemar, dan perbanyakan bakteri. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi yang berasal dari “bakteri indigenous” didapatkan: Microccocus, Corynebacterium, Phenylo- bacterium, Enhydro- bacter, Morrococcus, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, dan Pseudomona, yang dapat mendegradasi logam Pb, nitrat, nitrit, bahan organik, sulfida, kekeruhan, dan amonia. Sedangkan dari bakteri “commercial product” didapatkan jenis: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, serta enzym Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Esterase, Urease, Cellulase, dapat mendegradasi pencemar organik, nitrogen, fosfat, maupun kontrol pertumbuhan alga. Perbanyakan bakteri dari isolat bakteri indigenous dapat dikerjakan di laboratorium sedangkan bakteri “commercial product” bisa didapatkan di pasaran umum. Kata Kunci : bioremediasi, isolasi, pengujian, identifikasi, perbanyakan bakteri ABSTRACT Although various policies and regulations related to water pollution control has been enacted, decreasing of water quality in water bodies are still ongoing. This is due to the weakness of monitoring and enforcement practices, as well as pollution control technologies in water-based chemicals, can not achieve the affixing standard. This paper aims to examine the process of bioremediation technologies, include: isolation, degradation test, identification, and bacterial multiplication. Isolation and identification results of “indigenous bacteria” includes: Microccocus, Corynebacterium, Phenylo-bacterium,-bacter Enhydro, Morrococcus, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas, which can degrade the metals Pb, nitrate, nitrite, organic matter, sulfide, turbidity, and ammonia. Where as the bacteria